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오류처리에 대한 자기지향 완벽주의와 신경증의 영향: ERP 연구
The Effects of Self-Oriented Perfectionism and Neuroticism on Error Processing: an ERP study
양예은 (전남대학교 심리학과)
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초록
자기지향 완벽주의와 신경증 성격특성이 오류처리에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 ERN(Error-related negativity)과 Pe(Error positivity)를 조사하였다. 먼저 성격특성 설문조사 결과에 따라 자기지향 완벽주의 점수가 높으면서 신경증 점수가 높거나 낮은 집단, 그리고 자기지향 완벽주의 점수가 낮으면서 신경증 점수가 높거나 낮은 집단, 도합 4개 집단을 선발하였다. 이 실험참가자들이 Eriksen 수반자극과제(Eriksen flanker task)를 수행하는 도중 EEG를 측정하여 정/오 반응과 관련된 ERP 성분들을 분석하였다. 반응속도의 분석 결과, 모든 집단에서 오반응이 정반응보다 더 빨랐으며, 완벽주의 수준과 무관하게 저신경증집단이 고신경증집단보다 더 빨랐다. Cz에서 측정한 오반응-관련 ERN과 정반응-관련 CRN(Correct response negativity)의 정점진폭을 분석한 결과, ERN이 CRN에 비해 더 부적인 진폭을 보였고, ERN에서 고완벽주의집단이 저완벽주의집단보다 더 부적인 진폭을 보였지만 신경증 효과는 관찰되지 않았으며, CRN에서는 아무런 성격특성 효과도 관찰되지 않았다. 한편, Cz에서 측정한 오반응-관련 Pe와 정반응-관련 Pc(Correct response positivity)의 정점진폭을 분석한 결과, Pe가 Pc에 비해 더 정적인 진폭을 보였고, Pe에서 완벽주의 효과는 관찰되지 않았지만 완벽주의 수준이 낮은 참가자들 가운데 고신경증집단이 저신경증집단보다 덜 정적인 진폭을 보였는데, 이러한 신경증 효과는 완벽주의 수준이 높은 참가자들에서는 관찰되지 않았다. Pc에서는 아무런 성격특성 효과도 관찰되지 않았다. 결국, 완벽주의 특성은 신경증 수준과 관계없이 ERN 파형에 영향을 미친 반면, 신경증 특성은 완벽주의 수준이 낮은 경우에 한해 Pe 파형에 영향을 미쳤다. 이러한 결과는, 오류처리 초반에는 자기지향 완벽주의가 오류 탐지나 갈등 모니터링과 관련된 ERN에 영향을 미치는데, 자기 기준이 엄격하며 목표를 완벽하게 달성하고자 하는 동기가 클수록 더 큰 ERN이 유발된다는 것을 시사한다. 한편, 오류처리 후반에는 신경증이 오류의 의식적 자각과 관련된 Pe에 영향을 미치는데, 불안과 주의통제 어려움이 클수록 오류에 대한 의식적 자각이 감소하여 더 작은 Pe가 유발되지만, Pe에 대한 신경증의 효과는 자기지향 완벽주의 수준이 낮은 경우에만 나타나고 높은 경우에는 나타나지 않음(자기지향 완벽주의의 조절효과)을 시사한다.
- keywords
- self-oriented perfectionism, neuroticism, error processing, ERN, Pe, 자기지향 완벽주의, 신경증, 오류처리, ERN, Pe
Abstract
To investigate the effect of self-oriented perfectionism and neuroticism on error processing, we examined the ERN(Error-related negativity) and Pe(Error positivity). Participants were pre-screened to be either high or low scorers on SOP(self-oriented perfectionism) scale and neuroticism scale: high-SOP with high-Neuroticism, low-SOP with high-Neuroticism, high-SOP with low-Neuroticism, low-SOP with low-Neuroticism. When participants performed the Eriksen flanker task, EEG was recorded and analyzed for correct and error responses. Behavioral data showed that error responses were faster than correct responses, and low-Neuroticism participants were faster than high-Neuroticism participants. Analysis of peak amplitudes of ERN and CRN(Correct response negativity) showed that ERN had enhanced negative deflections relative to CRN, and high-SOP participants had enhanced negative deflections on ERN relative to low-SOP participants, but no effect of neuroticism was found. Analysis of peak amplitudes of Pe and Pc(Correct response positivity) showed that Pe had enhanced positive deflections relative to Pc, and no effect of perfectionism was found. But, among low-SOP participants, high-Neuroticism participants had attenuated positive deflections on Pe relative to low-Neuroticism participants. Also, the analysis of amplitude difference between peak amplitudes of error response and those of correct response is in line with the analysis of peak amplitudes. Thus, we found perfectionism effect on ERN which was not modulated by neuroticism, and found neuroticism effect on Pe which was modulated by perfectionism. These results suggest that, at the early stage of error processing, ERN is affected by self-oriented perfectionism, so enhanced negative deflections of ERN could be elicited by exacting standards for oneself and a salient motivation for attaining perfection. Whereas, at the later stage of error awareness, Pe is affected by neuroticism, so decreased positive deflections of Pe could be elicited by negative emotion and attention-control difficulties. But the effect of neuroticism on Pe could be eliminated by high level of self-oriented perfectionism.
- keywords
- self-oriented perfectionism, neuroticism, error processing, ERN, Pe, 자기지향 완벽주의, 신경증, 오류처리, ERN, Pe
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