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목격자들을 대상으로 부트스트랩 기법을 이용한 뇌파-기반 기억 변별 기법의 적용: 재인 프로토콜과 숨김정보검사 프로토콜의 비교

Application of ERP-based Memory Identification Using Bootstrap Technique for Eyewitness: Comparison of Recognition Protocol and Concealed Information Task Protocol

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2020, v.32 no.1, pp.125-136
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2020.32.1.009
함근수 (국립과학수사연구원)
김기평 (국립과학수사연구원)
정호진 (국립과학수사연구원)
김예슬 (국립과학수사연구원)
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초록

범죄 목격자가 목격 단서와 목격하지 않은 단서를 재인하는 과정에서 회상이나 원정보 탐색과 같은 정보처리 방식에는 차이가 있을 것이다. 본 연구는 인출 처리를 반영하는 사건관련전위 성분을 분석한다면, 목격 여부를 변별할 수 있을 것으로 가정했다. 구체적으로 두정 중심 부근의 영역(Pz)에서 목격한 자극을 탐침자극으로 제시했을 때 목격하지 않았던 무관련자극보다 400∼600ms 구간의 late positive component(LPC)는 더 크게, 1200∼1400ms 구간의 late posterior negativity(LPN)는 더 낮게 나타날 것으로 보고, 이 두 사건관련전위 성분의 차이(LPC-LPN)를 부트스트랩 방법(peak-to-peak boostrapped amplitude difference)으로 분석하여 목격 여부를 변별하고자 했다. 참여자 25명은 범죄 동영상을 목격하고 1시간 후 과제를 수행했다. 재인 프로토콜 집단(n=13)은 물건 사진에 반응하는 과제 후 앞서 제시된 물건을 동영상에서 봤는지, 못 봤는지를 판단하는 재인 과제를 수행했으며, Target/Non-target(T/NT) 프로토콜 집단(n=12)은 물건 사진에 반응한 후, 물건의 배경색을 보고 목표 배경색에 반응하는 oddball 과제를 수행했다. 물건 자극을 처리할 때 발생한 사건관련전위를 분석했을 때 재인 프로토콜 집단에서만 동영상에서 목격했었던 탐침자극과 목격하지 못한 자극(변형자극, 무관련자극) 간 LPC와 LPN의 차이가 유의했다. 부트스트랩 방법을 이용하여 목격 여부를 변별했을 때, 재인 프로토콜 집단의 경우 13명 중 11명(84.6%)이 목격 여부를 정확하게 변별한 것으로 나타났다. T/NT 프로토콜 집단의 정확한 변별은 12명 중 2명(16.7%)에 불과했다. 이런 결과는 목격자들을 대상으로 기억 단서에 대한 재인 처리를 반영하는 사건관련전위를 분석하여 목격 여부를 조사할 수 있다는 것을 보여주며, 재인을 이끌어내는 과제의 속성이 중요하다는 것을 시사한다.

keywords
eyewitness memory, event-related potentials, LPC, LPN, bootstrap, 목격자 기억, 사건관련전위, LPC, LPN, 부트스트랩

Abstract

Some event-related potentials (ERPs) components reflect recognition information processes. In this study, we tested the accuracy of ERP-based memory classification using peak-to-peak bootstrapped amplitude difference (BAD) method. Participants (N=25) watched a mock-crime video and performed task about 1 hour later. One group (n=13) performed recognition protocol which a response was selected from seen or unseen responses after probe presentation. The other group (n=12) performed Target/Non-target (T/NT) protocol which a response was selected from target or non-target responses based on the color of background behind the memory cue. We analyzed cue-evoked ERP and the bootstrapped differences in recollection-related ERP components (late positive complex, LPC; late posterior negativity, LPN) at Pz site were used for classification (observed vs. unobserved). Analyzing ERP differences in recognition protocol group were highly effective in distinguishing between probe and the other type of stimulus (ACC = .85). On the other hands, analyzing ERP differences in T/NT task protocol group were useless for eyewitness memory Identification (ACC = .17). These results indicate neural activity evoked by recognition cue could be used for eyewitness investigation, and suggest the property of the task is important.

keywords
eyewitness memory, event-related potentials, LPC, LPN, bootstrap, 목격자 기억, 사건관련전위, LPC, LPN, 부트스트랩

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