The Effects of Learning Two or Three Dimensional Maps on Wayfinding Performance

재난 상황에서 신속하고 안전한 대피를 위해서는 사전에 피난 경로에 대한 인지도를 형성하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 현재 피난 경로는『다중이용업소법』에 따라 2차원 또는 3차원 지도로 안내되고 있지만, 피난 상황에서 서로 다른 지도 유형에 대한 학습을 통해 형성된 인지도의 효과와 더불어 이러한 효과가 성별에 따라 어떤 차이가 있는지에 대해서는 아직 알려진 바 없다. 이를 확인하기 위해, 이 연구는 실물 크기의 미로를 제작하고 학습할 지도 유형과 남녀 성비 비율에 따라 세 집단으로 구분하고 집단 간 길찾기 수행을 비교하였다. 연구결과, 2차원 또는 3차원 지도를 통해 미로 경로를 제시했을 때, 지도를 제시하지 않은 통제 집단보다 길찾기 성공률이 높았다. 특히, 통제 및 2차원 지도 집단에서는 남녀 간 차이가 나타나지 않지만, 3차원 지도를 학습한 집단에서 여성이 남성보다 길찾기 시간에서 더 느린 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 피난 상황에서 신속하고 안전한 대피를 위해서는 2차원 지도로 피난 경로를 제공하는 것이 효과적임을 시사한다.

keywords: evacuation behavior, wayfinding, cognitive map, sex differences, 피난행동, 길찾기, 지도유형, 인지도, 성차

Abstract

It is crucial to develop cognitive maps of emergency evacuation routes for rapid and safe evacuation in advance of disasters. Evacuation routes are often presented by two- or three-dimensional maps. However, it is unclear how cognitive maps of emergency evacuation routes developed by the different map types affect wayfinding performance and whether these are different between men and women. In order to address this issue, the current study constructed a maze similar to a real escape situation and divided participants into three groups according to the types of map with consideration of the sex ratio. The results showed that groups with two- and three-dimensional maps showed higher accuracy than the control group. Importantly, women showed longer escape times than men in the group with three-dimensional map, whereas the difference was absent in the other groups. These findings suggest that providing evacuation routes with two-dimensional map would help save many lives in evacuation situations.

keywords: evacuation behavior, wayfinding, cognitive map, sex differences, 피난행동, 길찾기, 지도유형, 인지도, 성차

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논문 상세

Vol.32 No.1

2차원 및 3차원 지도 학습이 길찾기 수행에 미치는 영향

The Effects of Learning Two or Three Dimensional Maps on Wayfinding Performance

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물