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The effects of cognitive load on accurate and false memories

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2004, v.16 no.1, pp.111-130

Abstract

The present study examined the effects of cognitive load at encoding on accurate and false memories. In two experiments using the DRM(Deese-Roediger-McDermott) procedure, participants were assigned to either a cognitive load condition in which they performed an additional task while studying the presented word or a condition which they just learned the presented word. Free recall tests and a recognition test were administered in both experiment. In the second experiment participants were retested on the recognition test after a week. The results indicated that cognitive load at encoding had different effects on accurate and false memories. Cognitive load at encoding resulted in the reduction of accurate recall and accurate recognition whereas it increased false recall and false recognition. Accurate recognition of presented words decreased but false recognition of critical lures increased over a one-week delay. There was a significant interaction of time delay and cognitive load. These results support the dual-process approach including the fuzzy trace hypothesis and the activation/monitoring hypothesis, suggesting the underlying processes of accurate and false memories are different.

keywords
false memory, accurate memory, DRM procedure, cognitive load, dual-process approach, 오기억, DRM 절차, 인지부하, 이중처리 접근, false memory, accurate memory, DRM procedure, cognitive load, dual-process approach

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The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology