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ISSN : 1226-9654

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Vol.16 No.1

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작업기억 용량의 개인차와 무관련 언어효과

Individual difference in working memory capacity and the irrelevant speech effect

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2004, v.16 no.1, pp.77-91
이나경 (상명대학교)
김청자 (상명대학교)
이나경, & 김청자. (2004). 작업기억 용량의 개인차와 무관련 언어효과. 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물, 16(1), 77-91.

초록

무관련 언어효과는 관련 없는 말소리가 제시되면 순차회상 과제의 수행에서 손상이 일어나는 현상을 말한다. 무관련 언어효과 실험에서 피험자는 과제와 관련 없는 배경 소음을 무시하려고 노력하면서 시각적으로 제시되는 짧은 숫자목록을 기억하여야 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 작업기억 용량의 개인차가 무관련 언어효과의 강도에 영향을 미치는지 알아보려는데 있다. Turner & Enlge (1989)의 조작-단어 폭 과제(Operation-word span task)를 바탕으로 대학생들은 작업기억 용량이 큰 집단과 작은 집단으로 분류되어 무관련 언어효과 실험에 참가하였다. 실험 1에서는 두 집단에서 모두 확실한 무관련 언어효과 뿐 아니라 무관련 언어효과와 작업기억 용량 사이의 유의미한 상호작용 효과가 나타났다: 작업기억 용량이 작은 집단은 큰 집단보다 더 강한 무관련 언어효과를 보여 주었다. 실험 2에서는 집단효과를 통제하기 위해서 회상하여야 할 숫자 항목의 개수가 피험자의 개별적인 기억폭에 맞추어졌다. 실험 1과는 반대로 무관련 언어효과는 작업기억 용량과 상호작용하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험 결과에 대한 대안적 설명이 논의되었다.

keywords
The irrelevant speech effect, working memory capacity, The irrelevant speech effect, working memory capacity, 무관련 언어효과, 작업기억 용량

Abstract

The irrelevant speech effect refers to the finding of impaired serial recall performance in the presence of irrelevant speech sounds. In the irrelevant speech effect procedure, participants must recall immediately short sequences of visually presented digits while trying to ignore irrelevant background noise. The purpose of this study was to assess whether individual difference in working memory capacity influences the magnitude of the irrelevant speech effect. Based on the Operation-word span task by Turner & Enlge(1989), students were divided into high and low working memory capacity groups and participated in experiments of the irrelevant speech effect. Experiment 1 revealed not only a clear irrelevant speech effect in both groups but also a significant interaction between irrelevant speech effect and working memory capacity: low working memory span group showed significantly stronger effect of irrelevant speech than high working memory span group. In Experiment 2, the number of digits to recall was adjusted to participants' individual memory span in oder to control of the group effect. In contrary to Experiment 1, it was found that the irrelevant speech effect did not interact with working memory capacity. An alternative explanation of our results was discussed.

keywords
The irrelevant speech effect, working memory capacity, The irrelevant speech effect, working memory capacity, 무관련 언어효과, 작업기억 용량

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