ISSN : 1226-9654
Adams, Smith, Nyquist 및 Perlmutter(1997)는 우화(allegory)를 가지고 노인 집단과 대학생 집단의 이야기 이해 능력을 비교하여 대학생 집단보다 노인 집단에서 이야기를 더 깊고 통합적으로 해석함을 보고하였다. 그러나 이들 연구에서는 노인 집단의 교육 수준이 대학생 집단보다 유의하게 높아서 이들의 결과가 연령의 효과인지, 아니면 교육의 효과 때문인지 불분명하였다. 본 연구에서는 40대 중년 집단을 포함하고 교육 수준이 유사한 참가자를 대상으로 하여 연령에 따라 이야기 회상과 해석 능력이 어떻게 변화하는지 살펴보았다. 그 결과 Adams 등에서처럼 노인 집단의 이야기 해석 능력이 대학생 집단보다 더 우수하지는 않았으나, 재인과 회상과제에서 나타났던 뚜렷한 연령 집단 간 수행 차이가 해석 과제에서는 사라졌다. 이러한 결과는 해석하기와 같은 이야기 처리의 후기 단계에서는 정보 처리 속도, 단기 기억 등의 요인보다 사전 지식과 경험의 역할이 중요하기 때문으로 보이며, 노화의 효과는 이해 과정의 단계와 처리 수준에 따라 다르게 나타남을 시사한다.
Adams, Smith, Nyquist and Perlmutter(1997) investigated the effect of aging on narrative comprehension and reported that older adults interpreted narrative texts in deeper and more integrative ways than younger adults. In their study, however, the educational level of the older adults was significantly higher than that of the younger adults, making it difficult to determine whether the superior interpretation ability of the older adults was due to the increased text comprehension experiences that older adults had, as Adams et al. proposed, or whether it was due to the added education experience of the older adults. This study compared the retell and interpretation ability of older, middle-aged, and younger adults with similar level of education. The results showed that when the level of education was equivalent, older adults' interpretations were no longer better than younger or middle-aged adults' interpretations. However, the pronounced age differences observed in text recall and recognition tasks disappeared when the depth and synthesisness of their interpretations were examined. These results suggest that the effects of aging on text comprehension vary depending on the stages of text comprehension. It seems that although the ability to recall the contents of the texts decreases with aging, the ability to interpret the texts remains relatively intact.
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