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ISSN : 1226-9654

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Vol.19 No.2
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그래프에 대한 이해와 활용에서 전공과 맥락이 미치는 영향: 경제학 전공자와 수학 전공자의 비교

Effects of Knowledge and Context Information on the Interpretation and the Use of Graphs as shown by the Mathematics and Economics Major

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2007, v.19 no.2, pp.149-169
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2007.19.2.004
도경수 (성균관대학교)
박현수 (성균관대학교)
도경수, & 박현수. (2007). 그래프에 대한 이해와 활용에서 전공과 맥락이 미치는 영향: 경제학 전공자와 수학 전공자의 비교. 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물, 19(2), 149-169, https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2007.19.2.004
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초록

경제학 전공자와 수학 전공자에게 그래프를 보여주고 그래프에 적합한 설명을 고르거나 답을 계산하게 해서 전공이 그래프의 이해와 활용에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 실험 1에서는 경제학과 수학에서 많이 사용되는 그래프를 주고 적절한 설명을 고르게 하였다. 범례를 제공해 그래프의 내용을 추정할 수 있게 한 맥락조건에서 통제집단과 경제학 전공자는 범례의 맥락에 맞는 설명을 선택했으나, 수학전공자는 범례에 상관없이 수학적인 해석을 선택하였다. 범례를 제공하지 않은 무맥락 조건에서 통제집단은 특별한 선호가 없었으나, 경제학 전공자와 수학전공자는 자기의 전공에 맞는 해석을 선택하였다. 실험 2에서는 경제학 전공자와 수학전공자에게 경제학 문제에 대한 답을 계산하게 하였는데, 보기로 주어진 두 계산식이 다 적용가능한 애매조건에서는 전공에 상관없이 두 계산식을 비슷하게 사용하였다. 그러나 하나의 식만 적용가능한 확실조건에서는 경제학 전공자가 정답을 더 많이 보고하였다. 두 개의 실험 결과는 표면 정보가 주어지지 않는 경우와 문제에 대한 제약조건을 알아야 하는 경우에 전공의 영향이 크게 나타남을 보여주었다.

keywords
전공, 그래프 이해, 추상화, 비대칭적 영역간 전이, expertise, graph, asymmetrical transfer

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of knowledge on the interpretation of graphs and the use of information in the graphs. The effects of knowledge on the interpretation of graphs were explored in Experiment 1. In Experiment 1, three groups of undergraduate students (control, economics major, mathematics major) were given graphs of two areas (economics, mathematics) and were asked to choose the most appropriate interpretation of each graph among four alternatives. In the Context condition, where the legends of the graphs and some background information was given with the graphs so that participant's major would not exert any influence on the interpretation of the graphs, control group and economic major students chose the interpretation that matches the context. Whereas in the No-Context condition, where only the graphs were given, participants chose the interpretation that is in accord with their major. In Experiment 2, two groups of participants (economics major, mathematics major) were asked to calculate the answers to three economics problems. Two equations were given in each problem as hints. In the Ambiguous condition, where the two equations were eligible for the problem, both economics major and mathematics chose either equation equally often. However, in the Determinate condition, where only one of the two equations was eligible for the problem, only economics major students used the right equation more often. The results of the two experiments showed that the effect of knowledge is constrained by the task at hand and the information given by the context. That is, the effect of knowledge seemed to exert influence when the problem needs relevance judgment or when there is not enough information in the graphs.

keywords
전공, 그래프 이해, 추상화, 비대칭적 영역간 전이, expertise, graph, asymmetrical transfer

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