바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

Neural Theories of Conscious Visual Awareness

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2007, v.19 no.3, pp.187-199
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2007.19.3.001

  • Downloaded
  • Viewed

Abstract

Conscious awareness occupies the central focus of our visual experiences. Nevertheless, questions on the role and the importance of consciousness in visual perception had long been neglected by psychologists and neuroscientists, mainly due to the subjective nature of conscious visual experiences. However, the last several decades have witnessed a burgeoning of empirical approaches to the study of conscious visual awareness. The current work is theoretical background behind the previous review on psychophysical conditions to manipulate conscious visual awareness. This work reviews theories of visual awareness and its neural correlates. It also discusses the confusion between attention and awareness which remains a major challenge for research on the neural correlates of conscious visual awareness. This review will set the scope within which empirical studies of conscious visual awareness will be understood and performed.

keywords
의식, 시자각, 신경 기제, 주의, consciousness, visual awareness, neural correlates, attention

Reference

1.

Bar, M., Tootell, R. B., Schacter, D. L., Greve, D. N., Fischl, B., and Mendola, J. D., Rosen, B., and Dale, A. M. (2001). Cortical mechanisms of explicit visual object recognition. Neuron, 29(2), 529-535.

2.

Bullier, J. (2001). Feedback connections and conscious vision. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5(9), 369-370.

3.

Buzsáki, G. (2007). The structure of consciousness. Nature, 446, 267.

4.

Crick, F., and Koch, C. (1998). Conscious and neuroscience. Cerebral Cortex, 8, 97-107.

5.

Dehaene, S., and Naccache, L. (2001). Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: basic evidence and a workspace framework. Cognition, 79, 1-37.

6.

Dehaene, S., Changeux, J-P., Naccache, L., Sackur, J., and Sergent, C. (2006). Conscious, preconscious, and subliminal processing: a testable taxonomy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10(5), 204-211.

7.

Engel, A. K., and Singer, W. (2001). Temporal binding and the neural correlates of sensory awareness. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5(1), 16-25.

8.

Fries, P., Roelfsema, P. R., Engel, A. K., König, P., and Singer, W. (1997). Synchronization of oscillatory responses in visual cortex correlates with perception in interocular rivalry. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 94, 12699-12704.

9.

Frith, C., Perry, R., and Lumer, E. (1999). The neural correlates of conscious experience: an experimental framework. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3(3), 105-114.

10.

Goodale, M. A., and Milner, A. D. (2005). Sight Unseen: An Exploration of Conscious and Unconscious Vision. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

11.

Haggard, P., Clark, S., and Kalogeras, J. (2002). Voluntary action and conscious awareness. Nature Neuroscience 5(4), 382-385.

12.

He, S., Cavanagh, P., and Intriligator, J. (1996). Attentional resolution and the locus of visual awareness. Nature, 383, 334-337.

13.

James, W. (1904). Does 'consciousness' exist? Journal of Philosophy, Psychology, and Scientific Methods, 1, 477-491.

14.

Kanwisher, N. (2001). Neural events and perceptual awareness. Cognition, 79, 89-113.

15.

Kentridge, R. W., Heywood, C. A., and Weiskrantz, L. (2004). Spatial attention speeds discrimination without awareness in blindsight. Neuropsychologia, 42(6), 831-835.

16.

Kim, C-Y., and Blake, R. (2005). Psychophysical magic: Rendering the normally visible “Invisible”, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 381-388.

17.

Kleinschmidt, A., Buchel, C., Zeki, S., and Frackowiak, R. S. (1998). Human brain activity during spontaneously reversing perception of ambiguous figures. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 265, 2427-2433.

18.

Lamme, V. A. F. (2003). Why visual attention and awareness are different. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7(1), 12-18.

19.

Lamme, V. A. F., and Roelfsema, P. R. (2000). The distinct modes of vision offered by feedforward and recurrent processing. Trends in Neuroscience, 23(11), 571-579.

20.

Lamme, V. A. F., Super, H., Landman, R., Roelfsema, P. R., Spekreijse, H. (2000). The role of primary visual cortex (V1) in visual awareness. Vision Research, 40, 1507-1521.

21.

Leopold, D. A., and Logothetis, N. K. (1996). Activity changes in early visual cortex reflect monkeys' percepts during binocular rivalry. Nature, 379, 549-553.

22.

Luck, S. J. (2004). Understanding awareness: one step closer. Nature Neuroscience, 7(3), 208- 209.

23.

Lumer, E., and Rees, G. (1999). Covariation of activity in visual and prefrontal cortex associated with subjective visual perception. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 96, 1669-1673.

24.

Mack, A., and Rock, I. (1998). Inattentional blindness. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

25.

Merikle, P. M., and Joordens, S. (1997). Parallels between perception without attention and perception without awareness. Consciousness and Cognition, 6, 219-236.

26.

Milner, A. D. (1995). Cerebral correlates of visual awareness. Neuropsychologia, 33(9), 1117-1130.

27.

Milner, A. D. (1998). Streams and consciousness: visual awareness and the brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2(1), 25-30.

28.

Mishkin, M., Ungerleider, L. G., and Macko, K. A. (1982). Object vision and spatial vision. Trends in Neuroscience, 6, 414-417.

29.

Moutoussis, K., and Zeki, S. (2002). The relationship between cortical activation and perception investigated with invisible stimuli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 99(14), 9527-9532.

30.

Newsome, W. T. (1996). Visual attention: Spotlights, highlights, and visual awareness. Current Biology, 6(4), 357-360.

31.

Pascual-Leone, A. Walsh, V. (2001). Fast back projections from the motion to the primary visual area necessary for visual awareness. Science, 292, 510-512.

32.

Pollen, D. A. (1999). On the neural correlates of visual perception. Cerebral Cortex, 9, 4-19.

33.

Rees, G., Kreiman, G., and Koch, C. (2002). Neural correlates of consciousness in humans. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3, 261-270.

34.

Posner, M. (1994). Attention: The mechanisms of consciousness. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences USA, 91, 7398-7403.

35.

Rees, G., Russell, C., Frith, C. D., Driver, J. (1999). Inattentional blindness versus inattentional amnesia for fixated but ignored words. Science, 286, 2504-2507.

36.

Sergent, C., and Dehaene, S. (2004). Is consciousness a gradual phenomenon? Evidence for an all-or-none bifurcation during the attentional blink.Psychological Science, 15(11), 720-728.

37.

Sewards, T. V., and Sewards, M. A. (2000). Visual awareness due to neuronal activities in subcortical structures: A proposal. Consciousness and Cognition, 9, 86-116.

38.

Sewards, T. V., and Sewards, M. A. (2001). On the correlation between synchronized oscillatory activities and consciousness. Consciousness and Cognition, 10, 485-495.

39.

Shadlen, M. N., and Movshon, J. A. (1999). Synchrony unbound: A critical evaluation of the temporal binding hypothesis. Neuron, 24, 67-77.

40.

Suzuki, S. (2003). The high and low of visual awareness. Neuron, 39, 883-884.

41.

Tong, F. (2003). Primary visual cortex and visual awareness. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 4, 219-229.

42.

Treisman, A. M., and Kanwisher, N. G. (1998). Perceiving visually presented objects: recognition, awareness, and modularity. Current Opinions of Neurobiology, 8, 218-226.

43.

Vanderwolf, C. H. (2000). Are neocortical gamma waves related to consciousness? Brain Research, 855, 217-224.

44.

Weiskrantz, L. (1986). Blindsight: A case study and implications. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

45.

Zeki, S. (2003). The disunity of consciousness. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7(5), 214-218.

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology