바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

ISSN : 1226-9654

Article Contents

Prev Next
e-Submission

Vol.22 No.2
Citation Share

The Relationship between Emotion and Flashbulb Memory in Young and Elderly People: The case of President Roh's Death and North Korea Nuclear Test

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2010, v.22 no.2, pp.177-196
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2010.22.2.004


& (2010). The Relationship between Emotion and Flashbulb Memory in Young and Elderly People: The case of President Roh's Death and North Korea Nuclear Test. The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, 22(2), 177-196, https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2010.22.2.004
  • Downloaded
  • Viewed
PDF Download

Abstract

Memories and emotional responses were collected from Korean young and elderly people one week, three months, and six months after Korean President Roh's sudden death and North Korea nuclear test that occurred at about the same time. President Roh's death had greater emotional impact than North Korea's nuclear test for both young and elderly people. The latter group experienced more intense emotions to both events and still had lingering emotions about President Roh's death six months later. However, the two groups showed no difference in recall of episodic details about the two events, while both groups recalled more about President Roh's death. Flashbulb memories of President Roh's death decreased at first but not after three months, whereas flashbulb memories of North Korea nuclear test decreased steadily as time passed. These results show that emotional intensity is a critical factor in flashbulb memory and emotional functions of elderly people are not weakened. Although elderly people had experienced decline in cognitive functions, they recalled episodic details of the flashbulb events not less than young people. This result indicates that relatively well-functioning emotional processes could complement cognitive weakness related to old age. Changes of vividness, confidence, emotional and visceral reactions are also surveyed. Some results conflicting with previous studies on flashbulb memory were also discussed.

keywords
섬광기억, 정서강도, 연령차, 생생함, 확신도, flashbulb memory, emotional memory, age group, elderly people

Reference

1.

박명숙, 박창호 (2007). 반복 학습검사 DRM과제에서 경고가 노인과 젊은이의 오기억에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 실험, 19(2), 113-125.

2.

박명숙, 박창호 (2009). 부호화과제가 젊은이와 노인의 정서기억에 미치는 영향. 2009 한국심리학회 연차학술대회 학술발표논문집. 176-177.

3.

Blanchard-Fields, F. (2005). Introduction to the special section on emotion-cognition interactions and the aging mind. Psychology and Aging, 20, 539-541.

4.

Brewer, W. F. (1992). The theoretical and empirical status of the flashbulb memory hypothesis. In E. Winograd & U. Neisser (Eds.), Affect and accuracy in recall (pp.274-305). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

5.

Brown, R., & Kulik, J. (1977). Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5, 73-99.

6.

Carstensen, L. L. (1995). Evidence for a life-span theory of socioemotional selectivity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4, 151-156.

7.

Cohen, G., Conway, M. A., & Maylor, E. A. (1994). Flashbulb memories in older older adults. Psychology and Aging, 9, : 454-463.

8.

Conway, M. A., Anderson, S. J., Larsen, S. F., Donnelly, C. M., McDaniel, M. A., McClelland, A. G. R., Rawles, R. E., & Logie, R. H. (1994). The formation of flashbulb memories. Memory & Cognition, 22, 326-343.

9.

Curci, A., Luminet, O., Finkenauer, C., & Gisle, L. (2001). Flashbulb memories in social groups: A comparative test-retest study of the memory of French President Mitterand's death in a French and a Belgian group. Memory, 9, 81-101.

10.

Davidson P. S. R., & Glisky, E. L. (2002a). Is flashbulb memory a special instance of source memory? Evidence from older adults. Memory, 10, 99-111.

11.

Diehl, M., Coyle, N., & Labouvie-Vief, G. (1996). Age and sex differences in strategies of oping and defense across the life span. Psychology and Aging, 11, 127-139.

12.

Finkenauer, C., Luminet, O., Gisle, L., El-Ahmadi, A., Van der Linden, M., & Philippot, P. (1998). Flashbulb memories and the underlying mechanisms of their formation: Toward an emotional-integrative model. Memory & Cognition, 26, 516-531.

13.

Gerdy, J. E., Multhaup, K. S., & Ivey, P. C. (2004). Emotion ratings, confidence and flashbulb memories in older and younger adults. Poster presented at Cognitive Aging Conference. Atlanta, GA.

14.

Hirst, W., Buckner, R. L., Cuc, A., Johnson, M. K., Lyle, K. B., Meksin, R., Ochsner, K. N., Simons, J. S., Phelps, E. A., Budson, A. E., Gabrieli, D. E., Lustig, C., Mather, M., Mitchell, K. J., Schacter, D. L., & Vaidya, C. J. (2009). Long-term memory for the terrorist attack of september 11: flashbulb memories, event memories, and the factors that influence their retention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 138, 161-176.

15.

Johnson, M. K., Hashtroudi, S., & Lindsay, D. S. (1993). Source monitoring. Psychological Bulletin. 114, 3-28.

16.

Levine, L. J., & Bluck, S. (1997). Experienced and remembered emotional intensity in older adults. Psychlolgy and Aging, 12, 514-523.

17.

Matlin, M. W. (2007). 인지심리학[Cognition]. (민윤기 역). 서울: 학지사. (원전은 2004에 출판).

18.

Nadel, L., & Jacobs, W. J. (1998). Traumatic memory is special. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 7, 154-157.

19.

Neisser, U. (1982). Snapshots or benchmarks? In U. Neisser (Ed.), Memory observed: Remembering in natural contexts. New York: Freeman.

20.

Neisser, U., & Harsh, N. (1992). Phantom flashbulbs: False recollections of hearing the news about Challenger. In E. Winograd, & U. Neisser (Eds.), Affect and accuracy in recall(pp. 9-31). New York & London: Cambridge University Press.

21.

Neisser, U., & Libby, L. K. (2000). Remembering life experiences. In E. Tulving & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of memory (pp. 315-332). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

22.

Otani, H., Kusumi, T., Kato, K., Matsuda, K., Kern, R. P., Widner, R. Jr., & Ohta, N. (2005). Remembering a nuclear accident in Japan: Did it trigger flashbulb memories? Memory, 13, 6-20.

23.

Pezdek, K. (2003). Event memory and autobiographical memory for events of September 11, 2001. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17, 1033-1045.

24.

Pillemer, D. B. (1984). Flashbulb memories of the assassination attempt on President Reagan. Cognition, 16, 63-80.

25.

Prull, M. W., Gabrieli, J. D. E., & Bruge, S. A. (2000). Age-related changes in memory: A cognitive neroscience perspective. In Craik, F. I. M., Salthouse, T. A.(Eds), Handbook of aging and cognition (2nd. Ed.). (pp. 91-153). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

26.

Rahhal, T. A., May, C. P., Hasher, L. (2002). Truth and character: Sources that older adults can remember. Psychological Science, 13, 101-105

27.

Rubin, D. C., & Kozin, M. (1984). Vivid memories. Cognition, 16, 81-95.

28.

Schacter, D. L., Kaszniak, A. W., Kihlstrom, J. F., & Valdiserri, M. (1991). The relation between source memory and aging. Psychlolgy and Aging, 6, 559-568.

29.

Schmolock, H., Buffalo, E.A., & Squire, L. R. (2000). Memory distortions develop over time: Recollections of the O.J. Simpson trial verdict after 15 and 32 months. Psychological Science, 11, 39-45.

30.

Talarico, J. M., & Rubin, D. C. (2003). Confidence, not consistency, characterizes flashbulb memories. Psychological Science, 12, 455-461.

31.

Talarico, J. M., LaBar, K. S., & Rubin, D. C. (2004). Emotional intensity predicts autobiographical memory experience. Memory & Cognition, 32, 1118-1132.

32.

Talarico, J. M., & Rubin, D. C. (2009). Flashbulb memories result from ordinary memory processes and extraordinary event characteristics. In O. Luminet & A. Curci (Eds.), Flashbulb memories: New issues and new perspectives(pp. 79-98). New York: Psychology Press.

33.

Wagenaar, W. A. & Groeneweg, J. (1990). The memory of concentration camp survivors. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 4, 77-87.

34.

Watson, J. M., Mcdermott, K. B. & Balota, D. A. (2004), Attempting to avoid false momeries in the Deese/Roediger-McDermott paradigm: Assessing the combined influence of practice and warnings in young and old adults, Memory & Cognition, 32(1), 135-141.

35.

Weaver, C. A. Ⅲ, & Krug, K. S. (2004). Consolidation-like effects in flashbulb memories: Evidence from September 11, 2001. American Journal of Psychology, 117, 517-530.

36.

Zacks, R. T., Hasher, L., & Li, K. Z. H. (2000). Human memory. In F. I. M. Craik & T. A. Salthouse(Eds.), The Handbook of Aging and Cognition (2nd Ed.). (pp. 293-357). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology

e-Submission OA Policy