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Vol.22 No.2

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Perceiving Time-to-Contact under Severely Perturbed and Sparse Flow Fields

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2010, v.22 no.2, pp.197-213
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2010.22.2.005

(2010). Perceiving Time-to-Contact under Severely Perturbed and Sparse Flow Fields. The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, 22(2), 197-213, https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2010.22.2.005

Abstract

The present study examined human observers’ perceptual capacity to estimate time-to-contact (TTC) of an approaching object under severely perturbed or impoverished optic flow that compromised TTC information, in particular, local tau1. In Experiment 1, non-spherical objects approached the observation point while rotating either about one (horizontal or vertical) or two axes. The objects were depicted using random dots that varied in density (4, 16, 64, or 256 dots), half of which were projected to the observer. Under object rotation, the surface dots were displaced or even disappeared. These manipulations severely compromised the optical pattern specifying local tau1. In Experiment 1, performance degraded with decreasing dot density. Particularly, performance in the 4 dot density condition differed significantly from performance in the three higher density conditions. Experiment 2 examined whether these results accurately depicted the capacity of the human visual system. Objects either approached, or retreated from, the observation point; and participants were asked to judge the direction of the object’s motion. With an overall accuracy of 89%, most objects’ motion directions were identified reliably, even in the 4 dot density condition. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that the human visual system is capable of coping with adverse conditions by extracting requisite information, in particular, local tau1, that specifies the TTC of an approaching object, even from severely perturbed and impoverished optic flow. However, the present results also demonstrate that, under certain extreme conditions such as those engendered by rugby ball shaped object that rotated 90 deg over their approaches to the observation point, the visual system can fail, a finding consistent with that reported by Gray and Regan (2000).

keywords
접촉시간지각, local tau, 비원형물체, 결밀도, 성긴 광흐름, time-to-contact, local tau, non-spherical objects, texture density, optical perturbation

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