The effect of Aging on Retrieval of Orthographic Knowledge

언어는 다른 인지기능에 비해 상대적으로 노화의 영향을 덜 받는 것으로 알려져 있으나 이는 주로 어휘력이나 의미처리에 대한 제언들로써, 음운이나 철자 처리에서 노화의 영향은 상대적으로 덜 알려져 있다. 전달 손실 가설(Transmission Deficit hypothesis)은 의미에 비해 음운이나 철자 기제가 노화의 영향에 민감할 것으로 제안하고 있다. 본 연구는 받아쓰기 과제를 사용하여 한국어 단어의 철자 정보 산출에서 노화의 영향을 검토하였다. 실험에서 두 변인이 조작되었다. 첫 번째 변인은 연령 조건으로, 참가자는 청년과 노인 집단으로 구성되었다. 두 번째 변인은 음운변화 조건으로, 자극은 음운변화가 일어나는 단어와 음운변화가 일어나지 않는 단어로 구성되었다. 과제는 청각적으로 제시되는 단어 자극을 듣고 그에 해당하는 단어를 한글로 받아쓰는 것이었다. 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청년에 비해 노인의 받아쓰기 정확도가 감소하였다. 둘째, 음운변화가 없는 단어에 비해 음운변화가 있는 단어의 받아쓰기 정확도가 감소하였다. 셋째, 음운변화 단어에서 정확도가 감소되는 정도는 청년보다 노인에게서 더 컸다. 본 결과는 한국어 단어의 철자 정보 산출에서 노화로 인한 어려움이 발생하며, 이러한 어려움은 특히 음운변화로 인해 단어의 소리와 표기가 불일치하게 될 때 더 커짐을 시사한다.

keywords: aging, retrieval of orthographic knowledge, language production, older adults, young adults, phonological change, spelling task, Korean, Hangul, 노화, 철자 정보 산출, 노인, 청년, 음운변화, 받아쓰기 과제, 한국어

Abstract

Previous research has shown that language function is relatively robust against aging. However, this suggestion is mainly about vocabulary and semantic processes, and the aging effect on subsystems in language such as phonology and orthography is less known. Transmission Deficit hypothesis predicted that phonology and orthography are more sensitive to aging compared to semantics. In this study we studied the aging effect on the retrieval of orthographic knowledge in Korean using the spelling task. Two variables were manipulated: participants were younger or older adults, and stimuli were the words with phonological change or not. Participants heard recorded words over headphones and were instructed to spell each word in Hangul as accurately as possible. The main results were as follows. First, older adults exhibited lower accuracy than young adults in the retrieval of orthographic knowledge. Second, the accuracy decreased for the words with phonological change than for the words without phonological change. Third, there were larger age differences for the words with phonological change than for the words without phonological change. This result indicates that aging causes difficulty in the retrieval of orthographic knowledge in Korean, and this difficulty increases when words involve phonological change and as a result, sound and spelling of words are not matched.

keywords: aging, retrieval of orthographic knowledge, language production, older adults, young adults, phonological change, spelling task, Korean, Hangul, 노화, 철자 정보 산출, 노인, 청년, 음운변화, 받아쓰기 과제, 한국어

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논문 상세

Vol.23 No.4

철자 정보 산출에서 노화의 영향

The effect of Aging on Retrieval of Orthographic Knowledge

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물