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생물형 운동(Biological motion): 지각과정의 특징, 신경학적 기제 및 임상적 응용 가능성

Biological Motion: Perceptual Processing, Neural Mechanisms and Clinical Application

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2012, v.24 no.4, pp.357-392
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2012.24.4.004
김제중 (덕성여자대학교)
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초록

생물형 운동(biological motion, 이하 BM)은 일반적인 운동과 다른, 동물이나 인간의 특징적인 운동을 말한다. 포유류의 시각체계는 운동자극에 대단히 민감하며, 생물형 운동자극 역시 매우 신속하고 효율적으로 탐지한다. 이와 함께, 인간의 지각 및 인지과정은 생물형 운동자극으로부터 정서적, 사회적 의미를 지닌 정보까지도 처리한다. 따라서 생물형운동의 정확한 지각은 동물들의 경우 생존을 위해 필수적인 능력이며, 인간에게 있어서는 사회적 기능의 습득 및 타인과의 상호작용을 위한 매우 중요한 능력이라 할 수 있다. Johansson(1973)의 고전적 실험 이후로 현재까지, 일반 운동자극과 차이를 보이는 BM자체의 고유 운동 패턴의 지각 과정에 대한 연구들 및 기저의 신경학적 기제를 밝히려는 연구들이 다양한 정신물리학적 방법과 뇌 영상법을 이용하여 이루어져 왔다. 최근에는 인지 기능 및 사회적 기능에 결함을 가진 정신 병리 환자들을 대상으로, 이들의 BM지각 연구를 통해 시지각과 상위 인지, 사회적 기능간의 관계를 밝히려는 연구들도 진행되어 오고 있다. 본 개관논문에서는 BM자극의 특징과 지각적 처리 기제, 현재까지 밝혀진 신경학적 기제 및 임상 장면에서의 연구 성과들을 선별하여 소개하고 그 응용 가능성에 대해 논의하였다.

keywords
Biological motion, Visual perception, Point-light display, Posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), Psychopathology, Social functioning, 생물형 운동(BM), 시지각, 점광자극, 후부상측두구(pSTS), 정신병리, 사회기능

Abstract

The human visual system is extremely sensitive to motion stimuli. Especially when motion signals carry complex movements generated by animals or humans, most people are readily capable of extracting information of perceptual, psychological, and even social implications. Therefore, the visual recognition of such ‘biological motion’ is not only crucial for survival, but also important for developing social skills and adaptive behaviors. Considering this importance, several past studies have revealed some unique characteristics of biological motion stimuli, perceptual processing of biological motion and its underlying neural mechanisms using various psychophysical methods and brain-imaging techniques. More recent studies expanded this issue to examine people with mental illness exhibiting social dysfunctions, raising the question of whether biological motion perception could serve as an endophenotypic marker of impaired social cognition. This article reviews those advances and suggests possible future investigations and clinical application.

keywords
Biological motion, Visual perception, Point-light display, Posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), Psychopathology, Social functioning, 생물형 운동(BM), 시지각, 점광자극, 후부상측두구(pSTS), 정신병리, 사회기능

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