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ISSN : 1226-9654

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Vol.26 No.4

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Working Memory Training Effects According to Domain-Specificity: A Meta-Analysis

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2014, v.26 no.4, pp.207-231
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2014.26.4.001


& (2014). Working Memory Training Effects According to Domain-Specificity: A Meta-Analysis. The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, 26(4), 207-231, https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2014.26.4.001

Abstract

Working memory(WM) plays an important role in various cognitive tasks. Accordingly, WM training programs have been developed in order to enhance cognitive functions. However, it has been under debate on the effects of the training program. In this study, we performed meta-analyses to test whether WM training programs can improve other cognitive functions based on the domain-specificity of WM. In doing so, we classified previous studies as “congruent” or “incongruent” according to whether the domains of training programs were consistent with those of the measurement tools. As categorized general cognitive task involving measurement task about attention, inhibition, verbal ability and intelligence as well as WM task according to domain specificity, we examined improvement of general cognitive ability when the specific WM domain in the cognitive function was trained. Then, effect sizes were calculated based on statistics reported in the previous studies and meta-analyses were conducted in consideration of measurement periods and participants characteristics. Additionally, Chi square analyses were performed in order to confirm that the domain-specificity could be an important variable in the training effects. The results showed that domain congruency had a great influence on the training effects. The effect sizes were greater when training and measurement domains were consistent than when those were inconsistent, for both of the immediate and follow-up measurements. In addition, the effect of the congruency was greater in the patient groups compared to the normal groups. These findings suggest that the domain-specificity of WM training is an important factor in deciding the effects of the WM training programs.

keywords
working memory, working memory training, domain-specificity, 작업기억, 작업기억 훈련, 영역 특수성

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