바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

ACOMS+ 및 학술지 리포지터리 설명회

  • 한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI) 서울분원 대회의실(별관 3층)
  • 2024년 07월 03일(수) 13:30
사전등록 바로가기
 

logo

ISSN : 1226-9654

논문 상세

이전 다음
논문 투고

Vol.26 No.4

Citation Share

정서 자극에 대한 의식 여부가 크기 지각에 미치는 영향

Effects of Conscious and Unconscious Emotional Stimuli on Size Perception

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2014, v.26 no.4, pp.273-294
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2014.26.4.004
김경아 (연세대학교)
김민식 (연세대학교)
김경아, & 김민식. (2014). 정서 자극에 대한 의식 여부가 크기 지각에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물, 26(4), 273-294, https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2014.26.4.004

초록

정서는 정보 처리 속도를 향상시키기도 하지만 지각적 편향(perceptual bias)을 일으키기도 한다(예, Anderson & Phelps, 2001). 거리, 시간, 크기 등 여러 지각적 편향을 일으키는 정서 자극에 대한 지금까지의 연구들은 의식적으로 지각 가능한 정서 자극을 사용해 왔다. 기존 연구와 달리 본 연구에서는 의식적 수준이 이르지 못하는 정서 자극이 크기 지각에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 2개의 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 1에서는 의식적으로 자각할 수 있는 정서 자극이 이후에 제시되는 자극의 크기 지각에 미치는 영향을 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 부정적인 정서자극이 긍정 혹은 중립적인 정서 자극보다 후행하는 자극을 더 크게 지각하게 만드는 지각 편향 현상이 나타났다. 실험 2에서는 정서 자극을 역치 이하로 제시하여 의식적으로 자각할 수 없는 정서 자극이 크기 지각에 미치는 효과를 관찰하였다. 실험 결과, 의식적 자각이 불가능한 부정적 정서 자극이 선행하는 경우, 후행하는 자극 크기에 대한 지각 판단의 변산성이 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 정서가 크기 지각에 영향을 미치고 있을 뿐 아니라, 정서가(valence)에 대한 의식적 처리와 무의식적 처리가 크기 지각이나 크기 판단에 다른 방식으로 영향을 줄 수 있음을 시사한다.

keywords
정서, 크기 지각, 의식, 무자각, Emotion, Size perception, Consciousness, Unawareness

Abstract

Research has shown that not only can emotion enhance the processing speed of information, but also cause perceptual biases (e.g. distance, size, time, etc). Previous studies investigated perceptual biases when subjects were consciously exposed to emotion stimuli. In the current study, however, using a size judgment task, we investigated how unconsciously presented emotion stimuli (i.e. do not reach conscious awareness) affect size perception. In Experiment 1, we measured the effects of conscious emotion stimuli on the perceived size of subsequently presented stimuli. The results showed that subjects estimated the size of the subsequently presented stimuli to be larger when preceded by negative emotional stimuli, compared to when preceded by neutral or positive stimuli. Thus only the negative emotion elicited perceptual bias on size perception. In Experiment 2, we measured the effects of unconsciously presented emotion stimuli on size perception of subsequent stimuli. While our results were not identical to that of Experiment 1, the data showed that negative emotion increases variance in size perception of the subsequent stimulus compared to that of neutral and positive emotion. In conclusion, through two experiments, the data indicates that the conscious and unconscious processes of emotion can affect size perception or size judgment in different ways.

keywords
정서, 크기 지각, 의식, 무자각, Emotion, Size perception, Consciousness, Unawareness

참고문헌

1.

문은옥, 박태진 (2011). 정서자극을 사용한 oddball과제에서 정서가와 확률이 ERP에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물, 23, 123-138.

2.

박선희, 박태진 (2011). 전역/국지처리 과제에서 정서자극이 시각적 주의범위에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물, 23, 139-151.

3.

최정원, 조성근, 이장한 (2014). 사회불안 성향자의 분노 얼굴에 대한 크기지각 편향 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 33, 1-16.

4.

Anderson, A. (2005). Affective influences on the attentional dynamics supporting awareness. Experimental Psychology: General, 134, 258-281.

5.

Anderson, A. K., Christoff, K., Panitz, D., De Rosa, E., & Gabrieli, J. D. (2003). Neural correlates of the automatic processing of threat facial signals. Journal of Neuroscience, 23, 5627–5633.

6.

Anderson, A. K., & Phelps, E. A. (2001). Lesions of the human amygdala impair enhanced perception of emotionally salient events. Nature, 411, 305-309.

7.

Anton-Erxleben, K., Henrich, C., & Treue, S. (2007). Attention changes perceived size of moving visual patterns. Journal of Vision, 7, 1-9.

8.

Baird, J. C., & Noma, E. (1978). Fundamentals of Scaling and Psychophysics. New York: Wiley.

9.

Brainard, D. H. (1997). The psychophysics toolbox. Spatial Vision, 10, 433-436.

10.

Bruner, J. S., & Postman, L. (1948). Symbolic value as an organizing factor in perception. Journal of Social Psychology, 27, 203-208.

11.

Carretié, L., Mercado, F., Tapia, M., & Hinojosa, J. A. (2001). Emotion, attention, and the ‘negativity bias’, studied through event-related potentials. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 41, 75-85.

12.

Cole, S., Balcetis, E., & Dunning, D. (2013). Affective signals of threat increase perceived proximity. Psychological Science, 24, 34-40.

13.

de Jong, P., Koster, E., van Wees, R., & Martens, S. (2009). Emotional facial expressions and the attentional blink: Attenuated blink for angry and happy faces irrespective of social anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 23, 1640–1652.

14.

Droit-Volet, S., Brunot, S., & Niedenthal, P. (2004). Perception of the duration of emotional events. Cognition and Emotion, 18, 849-858.

15.

Esteves, F., Dimberg, U., & Ohman, A. (1994). Automatically elicited fear: Conditioned skin conductance responses to masked facial expressions. Cognition and Emotion, 8, 99-108.

16.

Fox, E., Lester, V., Russo, T., Bowles, R. J., Pichler, A., & Dutton, K. (2000). Facial expressions of emotion: Are angry faces detected more efficiently? Cognition and Emotion, 14, 61-92.

17.

Fox, E., Russo, R., Bowles, R., & Dutton, K. (2001). Do threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in subclinical anxiety? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 681-700.

18.

Greenhouse, S. W., & Geisser, S. (1959). On methods in the analysis for profile data. Psychometrica, 24, 95–112.

19.

Ganel, T., Chajut, E., & Algom, D. (2008). Visual coding for action violates fundamental psychophysical principles. Current Biology, 18, 559-601.

20.

Gobell, J., & Carrasco, M. (2005). Attention alters the appearance of spatial frequency and gap size. Psychological Science, 16, 644-651.

21.

Huang, J. & Sekuler, R. (2010). Distortions in recall from visual memory: Two classes of attractors at work. Journal of Vision, 10, 1-27.

22.

Huntsinger, J. R. (2013). Does emotion directly tune the scope of attention? Psychological Science, 22, 265-270.

23.

Jenkin, N. (1957). Affective processes in perception. Psychological Bulletin, 54, 100-127.

24.

Juruena, M. F., Giampietro, V. P., Smith, S. D., Surguladze, S. A., Dalton, J. A., Benson, P. J., et al. (2010). Amygdala activation to masked happy facial expressions. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16, 1-5.

25.

Klein, G. S., Schlesinger, H. J., & Meister, D. E. (1951). The effect of personal values on perception—an experimental critique. Psychological Review, 58, 96–112.

26.

LeDoux, J. E. (1996). The Emotional Brain. NewYork: Simon & Schuster.

27.

LeDoux, J. E. (2000). Emotion circuits in the brain. Annual Review Neuroscience, 23, 155–184.

28.

Maratos, F., Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. (2008). Identification of angry faces in the attentional blink. Cognition and Emotion, 22, 1340–1352.

29.

Morris, J. S., Öhman, A., & Dolan, R. J. (1999). A subcortical pathway to the right amygdala mediating 'unseen' fear. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96, 1680-1685.

30.

Pelli, D. G. (1997). The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: Transforming numbers into movies. Spatial Vision, 10, 437-442.

31.

Raymond, J. E., Shapiro, K. L., & Arnell, K. M. (1992). Temporary suppression of visual processing in an RSVP task: An attentional blink? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18, 849–860.

32.

Schachter, S., & Singer, J. (1962). Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychological Review, 69, 379-399.

33.

Shalev, L., & Tsal, Y. (2002). Detecting gaps with and without attention: Further evidence for attentional receptive fields. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 14, 3-26.

34.

Simons, D. J., & Levin, D. T. (1997). Change blindness. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 1, 261-267.

35.

Stefanucci, J. K., & Proffitt, D. R. (2006). Looking down from high places: The roles of altitude and fear in the perception of height. Journal of Vision, 6, 723

36.

Stefanucci, J. K., & Proffitt, D. R. (2009). The roles of altitude and fear in the perception of height. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception Performance, 35. 424-438.

37.

Stefanucci, J. K. & Storbeck, J. (2009). Don’t look down: Emotional arousal elevates height perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 138, 131–145.

38.

Susskind, J. M., Lee, D. H., Cusi, A., Feiman, R., Grabski, W., & Anderson, A. K. (2008). Expressing fear enhances sensory acquisition. Nature Neuroscience, 11, 843-850.

39.

Tamietto, M. & Gelder, B. (2010). Neural bases of the non-conscious perception of emotional signals. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11, 697-709.

40.

Tottenham, N., Tanaka, J. W., Leon, A. C., McCarry, T., Nurse, M., Hare, T. A., & Nelson, C. (2009). The NimStim set of facial expressions: Judgments from untrained research participants. Psychiatry Research, 168, 242-249.

41.

Tsal, Y., & Shalev, L. (1996). Inattention magnifies perceived length: The attentional receptive field hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 22, 233-243.

42.

van Ulzen, N., Semin, G. R., Oudejans, R. R. D., & Beek, P. J. (2008). Affective stimulus properties influence size perception and the Ebbinghaus illusion. Psychological Research, 72, 304-310.

43.

Vuillemier, P., Armony, J. L., Driver, J., & Dolan, R. J. (2001). Effects of attention and emotion on face processing in the human brain: An event-related fMRI study. Neuron, 30, 829-841.

44.

Vuilleumier, P., & Schwartz, S. (2001). Beware and be aware: Capture of spatial attention by fear-related stimuli in neglect. Neuro Report, 12, 1119–1122.

45.

Whalen, P. J., Kagan, J., Cook, R. G., Davis, F. C., & Kim, H., Polis, S., McLaren, D. G., Somerville, L. H., McLean A. A., Maxwell, J. S., & Johnstone, T. (2004). Human amygdala responsivity to masked fearful eye whites. Science, 306, 2061.

46.

Whalen, P. J., Rauch, S. L., Etcoff, N. L., McInerney, S. C., Lee, M. B., & Jenike, M. A. (1998). Masked presentations of emotional facial expressions modulate amygdala activity without explicit knowledge. Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 411-418.

47.

Williams, L. M., Das, P., Liddell, B. J., Kemp, A. H., Rennie, C. J., & Gordon, E. (2006). Mode of functional connectivity in amygdala pathways dissociates level of awareness for signals of fear. Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 9264-9271.

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물

논문 투고 OA 정책