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Vol.28 No.2

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Individual differences in cognitive control and selective attention: object-based attention and location-based attention

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2016, v.28 no.2, pp.309-326
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2016.28.2.006
(Department of Neuroscience Univ. of California, Sa)

& (2016). Individual differences in cognitive control and selective attention: object-based attention and location-based attention. The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, 28(2), 309-326, https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2016.28.2.006

Abstract

Understanding the relationship between individuals’ cognitive abilities and selective attention has implications for both general cognitive mechanisms and characteristics of special populations. Bleckley et al. (2003, 2015) suggested that individuals with high cognitive control ability allocate attention effectively based on an object (i.e., object-based facilitation effect), whereas individuals with low cognitive control ability allocate attention broadly based on the location of the object. If those with high cognitive control ability use object-based attention for effective information processing, they should not allocate attention to an object, if selection based on the object is not effective. The present study examined how individuals with high cognitive ability and with low cognitive ability allocate their attention when the selection based on an object is not effective. We also attempted to measure location and object effects more accurately by moving a cued object to another location. The results revealed that when participants were informed that a target was more likely to occur at the cued location, only those with high cognitive ability showed an inhibition effect at the opposite end of the cued object (separated from its original location). In contrast, the magnitude of location effect (separated from the object) did not differ between the high and low control groups. Our findings not only support the view that object effect is related with cognitive control but also suggest that the direction of object effect varies across tasks.

keywords
인지적 통제, 대상효과, 위치효과, 주의, cognitive control, object effect, location effect, attention

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