ISSN : 1226-9654
일상생활에서 빈번히 이루어지는 시각탐색 상황에서 탐색 대상이 제시될 가능성은 균등하다기보다는 매우 드물거나 빈번한 경우까지 다양하다. 최근 일련의 연구들은 표적 출현확률이 의사결정 기준에 변화를 초래함에 따라 시각탐색 수행이 변화함을 보고한 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 비중립적 표적 출현확률에 따른 의사결정 기준의 변화가 함께 수행되는 중립적 표적 출현확률 시각탐색 수행에 영향을 미치는지의 여부를 조사하였다. 이를 위해 세션 내 반복적으로 수행되는 두 가지 개별 시각탐색 과제에 대해 각각 표적 출현확률이 중립빈도로 고정되거나(중립확률 과제) 참가자 집단 간에 상이하도록(출현확률 과제; 저빈도, 중립빈도, 고빈도) 처치하였으며, 출현확률 과제와 중립확률 과제를 구분하기 위해 화면 중앙을 기준으로 각 과제가 제시되는 위치를 좌우로 분리하였다. 나아가 출현확률 과제에서 수립된 의사결정 기준의 중립확률 과제로의 전이 여부는 개별 과제 간 지각적 유사성에 기초할 가능성을 바탕으로 과제 간 탐색자극의 동일성 여부를 달리한 두 가지 실험을 진행하였다. 그 결과 탐색과제 간 자극구성이 서로 분명히 구분되는 경우(실험 1A) 중립확률 과제의 탐색 수행은 출현확률 과제와 독립적이었던 반면, 과제 간 서로 동일한 경우(실험 1B) 중립확률 과제의 탐색 수행은 출현확률 과제에서 각 참가자 집단이 할당된 출현확률 조건과 유사하게 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과는 주어진 기간 내 탐색 대상의 출현빈도가 상이한 다수의 시각탐색 과제가 요구되는 경우 적어도 과제 간 구분에 간섭을 초래하는 요인의 영향 하에 개별 과제의 표적 출현확률 평가 및 그에 따른 의사결정 기준의 수립에 분명한 왜곡이 발생함을 시사한다.
In our real-world visual searches, a target object is present with varied probability rather than with even probability. Recent studies have reported that the proportion of target presentation affects visual search performance via a shift of decision criteria. The present study investigated the transferability of this target prevalence effects across two dissociable-prevalence search tasks concurrently performed within a period. We examined this by conducting two separate visual searches where one emerge a varied-prevalence (10, 50, or 90%; prevalence task) whereas the other has a fixed-prevalence at 50% (neutral task). Each task was presented at the unihemifield in a random-order in whole trials. In addition, we assumed that the transferability of prevalence effect may depend on the perceptual similarity across the tasks. The results showed that search performance for the neutral task followed that for the prevalence task when the search stimuli set was perceptually identical across the tasks (Experiment 1B), whereas was independent from the prevalence task when the stimuli were perceptually distinct across the tasks (Experiment 1A). These results indicate that observers could fail to adaptively separate their decision criteria when they engaged in multiple-visual searches each has different probability of target presentation, at least under circumstances in which interferences on perceptual separation across the tasks exist.
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