Memory Enhancement Effect of Unsuccessful Retrieval according to Relatedness and Difficulty of Memory Materials

본 연구는 단어 쌍 자극을 사용하여 기억재료의 양적인 특성인 난이도(음절 수)와 질적인 특성인 연관성(의미적 관계성)이 틀린 인출의 기억촉진효과에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 사용빈도가 유사한 단어들을 이용하여 고난이도-고연관 자극, 고난이도-저연관 자극, 저난이도 고연관 자극, 그리고 저난이도-저연관 자극으로 구분하고 틀린 인출시도를 통한 학습을 수행한 후 정확회상률을 측정하였다. 실험은 난이도(2)와 연관성(2)에 따른 집단 간 설계로 수행되었으며, 집단 간 이원변량분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 즉시회상과 지연회상 모두 난이도와 연관성의 주효과가 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 세부적으로 고난이도 집단에 비해 저난이도 집단의 정확회상률이 우수했으며, 저연관 집단에 비해 고연관 집단의 정확회상률이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 즉시회상과 지연회상 모두 난이도와 연관성에 따른 정확회상률의 변화경향성이 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 기억재료의 양적인 특성(난이도)과 질적인 특성(연관성)이 모두 틀린 인출의 기억촉진효과에 영향을 미치며, 일정시간이 지연된 후에도 유지된다는 것을 의미한다.

keywords: Unsuccessful Retrieval, Memory Enhancement Effect, Recollection Rates, 틀린 인출, 기억촉진효과, 회상률

Abstract

This study is conducted to confirm the influence of quantitative and qualitative characteristics, difficulty and relatedness between memory materials, on memory enhancement effect of unsuccessful retrieval. For this purpose, memory materials, the word pairs, are classified into four categories according to difficulty(2) and relatedness(2). The words of pairs have similar frequency of use. Then, participants learned the materials attempting unsuccessful retrieval and the results are measured as Recollection rates. The experiment is designed as between participants for difficulty(2) and relatedness(2), so two-way ANOVA between groups is performed. As a result, main effects of difficulty and relatedness are significant in both immediate and delayed recall test. Specifically, recollection rates of low difficulty group are better than high group and the rates of high relatedness group are better than low group. In addition, aspects of the rates for difficulty and relatedness are similar both in the immediate and delayed test. It means both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of memory materials, difficulty and relatedness, influence on memory enhancement effect of unsuccessful retrieval, even in delayed test condition.

keywords: Unsuccessful Retrieval, Memory Enhancement Effect, Recollection Rates, 틀린 인출, 기억촉진효과, 회상률

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논문 상세

Vol.28 No.2

기억재료의 난이도와 연관성에 따른 틀린 인출의 기억촉진효과

Memory Enhancement Effect of Unsuccessful Retrieval according to Relatedness and Difficulty of Memory Materials

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물