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ISSN : 1226-9654

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Vol.28 No.3
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집단 얼굴표정에 대한 정서판단의 반응특성 분석

Analysis of Response Characteristics in the Judgment of Emotion for a Group of Emotional Faces

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2016, v.28 no.3, pp.389-407
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2016.28.3.001
김세원 (부산대학교)
신현정 (부산대학교)
김비아 (부산대학교)
이동훈 (부산대학교)
김세원, 신현정, 김비아, & 이동훈. (2016). 집단 얼굴표정에 대한 정서판단의 반응특성 분석. 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물, 28(3), 389-407, https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2016.28.3.001
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초록

얼굴표정은 다른 사람의 정서적 상태를 추론할 수 있는 중요한 사회적 단서이다. 얼굴표정을 사용한 심리학 연구는 주로 개인 얼굴 정서 지각에 집중되어 왔다. 그러나 일상생활에서 우리는 다수의 얼굴표정들을 토대로 집단의 전반적인 정서를 추론하기도 하는데, 이러한 과정에 어떤 요인들이 작용하는지 별로 알려진 것이 없다. 본 연구에서는 개별 얼굴표정들의 정서적 범주와 그 구성 비율을 조작한 집단 얼굴표정 자극을 제시하고 실험참가자로 하여금 집단의 전반적 정서를 판단하게 함으로써, 집단 얼굴표정의 구성에 따라 집단정서판단의 반응특성이 어떻게 달라지는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 집단 얼굴표정 자극은 1) 중립표정과 행복표정, 2) 중립표정과 슬픔표정, 3) 슬픔표정과 행복표정을 각각 8:0, 7:1, 6:2, 5:3, 4:4, 3:5, 2:6, 1:7, 0:8의 비율로 구성하여 집단의 전반적 정서 수준을 9단계로 조작하였다. 세 가지 구성조건에 할당된 실험참가자는 화면에 제시된 얼굴표정들을 보고 집단의 전반적인 정서를 중립/행복, 중립/슬픔, 슬픔/행복으로 판단하는 2안강제선택과제(two alternative forced choice task)를 실시하였다. 집단정서 판단에 걸린 반응시간을 분석한 결과, 모든 조건에서 두 범주의 얼굴표정이 유사한 비율로 제시됨에 따라 판단에 걸린 반응시간은 점점 느려졌다. 응답 비율 자료는 심리측정함수를 이용한 비선형 자료적합(nonlinear data fitting) 과정을 통해 분석되었고, 각 조건 실험참자가의 주관적 동등점(point of subjective equality: PSE)과 정밀도(precision)가 추정되었다. 그 결과, 슬픔-행복 조건 주관적 동등점의 평균은 이론상 평균인 0.5와 거의 같았으며, 정밀도도 높았다. 이에 반해 중립-행복 조건에서 행복 반응의 주관적 동등점의 평균은 0.5보다 낮았으며, 중립-슬픔 조건에서 슬픔 반응의 주관적 동등점의 평균은 0.5보다 높았다. 뿐만 아니라, 행복 반응의 주관적 동등점은 개인의 정적 정서 수준과 행복감과 부적 상관을, 슬픔 반응의 주관적 동등점은 행복감과 정적 상관을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 집단얼굴표정에 대한 정서 판단이 어떤 정서범주의 얼굴들로 집단이 구성되느냐와 같은 상향적 요인뿐만 아니라, 관찰자의 정서적 상태나 특성과 같은 하향적 요인에 의해서도 영향을 받음을 시사한다.

keywords
Group emotion, Facial expression, Crowd preception, Psychometric Function, Point of Subjective Equality (PSE), 집단정서, 얼굴표정, 군중지각, 심리측정함수, 주관적 동등점

Abstract

Facial emotion is an important social cue for inferring emotional states of other people. Psychological research using facial emotions has focused on the perception of individual emotional faces. However, in the ordinary life we may infer a group level emotion from multiple faces in a group, but little has been known about what kinds of factors influence this process. In the current study, we investigate the response characteristics of the group emotion judgment for a group of emotional faces which are composed of individual faces in different emotional categories with different ratios. The group facial emotion stimuli are composed of 1) neutral and happy faces, 2) neutral and sad faces, and 3) sad and happy faces in the 8:0, 7:1, 6:2, 5:3, 4:4, 3:5, 2:6, 1:7, 0:8 ratios. By this way, the level of emotional intensity of the group is manipulated into 9 steps. Participants in each condition performed a two alternative forced choice task by judging the overall emotion of a group facial stimulus into one of two response categories (e.g., Neutral-Happy). Analysis of response times for the judgment of the group emotion showed that the response time for judging the overall emotion was slow down as faces in the two different emotion categories mixed together with a similar ratio. The response ratio data were analyzed by a nonlinear data fitting procedure using a psychometric function, and the point of subjective equality (PSE) and the precision of each participant in each condition were estimated. In results, the mean PSE in the Sad-Happy condition was almost same as a hypothetical mean (0.5) and the precision was high. On the contrary, the mean PSE of the happy response in the Neutral-Happy condition was lower than 0.5 but the mean PSE of the sad response in the Neutral-Sad condition was higher than 0.5. Moreover, participants’ PSE of the happy response was negatively correlated with participants’ positive emotion levels as well as happiness scores, whereas participants’ PSEs of the sad response were positively correlated with participants’ happiness scores. These results imply that the judgment of emotion for a group of faces is influenced by bottom-up factors such as how the group is comprised of what kinds of emotional faces, and by top-down factors such as observers’ emotional states and traits.

keywords
Group emotion, Facial expression, Crowd preception, Psychometric Function, Point of Subjective Equality (PSE), 집단정서, 얼굴표정, 군중지각, 심리측정함수, 주관적 동등점

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