바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

Contextual effect of facial expression in emotion recognition: A comparative study of the number, intensity, and present time of the contextual cues

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2017, v.29 no.3, pp.237-259
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2017.29.3.003



  • Downloaded
  • Viewed

Abstract

Understanding others’ facial expression is a key component of emotion recognition and social functioning. Contextual cues are known to have important influence on the emotion perception via faces. The aim is to examine 1&#41 the role of others’ faces as contextual cues in emotion perception, and 2&#41 the influence of different variables&#40number, intensity, and present time&#41 of face on the contextual effect. Three experiments were conducted to explore each variables. Participants were asked to judge the intensity of the facial on the target face. The results show that the number of the contextual cues have significant effect on judging the intensity of the target face, whereas the intensity had relatively small influence. The present time of the stimuli did not show significant effect on judgement on the intensity of the target emotion. The implication and the limitation of the study is further discussed.

keywords
정서인식, 맥락효과, 얼굴표정인식, 얼굴표정, 맥락정보, emotion recognition, contextual effect, facial expression recognition, facial expression, contextual cue

Reference

1.

Aviezer, H., Hassin, R. R., Ryan, J., Grady, C., Susskind, J., Anderson, A., Moscovitch, M., & Bentin, S. (2008). 화남, disgusted, or afraid? Studies on the malleability of emotion perception. Psychological Science, 19, 724-732.

2.

Barrett, L. F., Mesquita, B., & Gendron, M. (2011). Context in emotion perception. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20, 286-290.

3.

Broucher, J., & Ekman, P. (1975). Facial areas and emotional information. Journal of Communication, 25, 21-29.

4.

Calvo, M. G., & Lundqvist, D. (2008). Facial expressions of emotion (KDEF): Identification under different display-duration conditions. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 109-115.

5.

Carroll, J. M., & Russell, J. A. (1996). Do facial expressions signal specific emotions? Judging emotion from the face in context. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 205.

6.

Celani, G., Battacchi, M. W., & Arcidiacono, L. (1999). The understanding of the emotional meaning of facial expressions in people with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29, 57-66.

7.

Da Fonseca, D., Santos, A., Bastard-Rosset, D., Rondan, C., Poinso, F., & Deruelle, C. (2009). Can children with autistic spectrum disorders extract emotions out of contextual cues?. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3, 50-56.

8.

Darwin, C. R. (1896). The expression of emotions in man and animals. New York: Philosophical Library.

9.

de Gelder, B., Meeren, H. K., Righart, R., Van den Stock, J., van de Riet, W. A., & Tamietto, M. (2006). Beyond the face:Exploring rapid influences of context on face processing. Progress in Brain Research, 155, 37-48.

10.

Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions. Cognition & Emotion, 6, 169-200.

11.

Ekman, P. (1993). Facial expression and emotion. American Psychologist, 48, 384.

12.

Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., & Tomkins, S. S. (1971). Facial affect scoring technique: A first validity study. Semiotica, 3, 37-58.

13.

Ekman, P., Sorenson, E. R., & Friesen, W. V. (1969). Pan-cultural ele- ments in the facial displays of emotions. Science, 164, 86-88.

14.

Elfenbein, H. A., & Ambady, N. (2002a). Is there an in-group advantage in emotion recognition?. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 243-249.

15.

Elfenbein, H. A., & Ambady, N. (2002b). On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 203.

16.

Fernández-Dols, J. M., Carrera, P., Barchard, K. A., & Gacitua, M. (2008). False recognition of facial expressions of emotion: Causes and implications. Emotion, 8, 530.

17.

Frank, M. G., & Stennett, J. (2001). The forced-choice paradigm and the perception of facial expressions of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 75.

18.

Fraser, I. H., Craig, G. L., & Parker, D. M. (1990). Reaction time measures of feature saliency in schematic faces. Perception, 19, 661-673.

19.

Gaebel, W., & Wölwer, W. (1992). Facial expression and emotional face recognition in schizophrenia and depression. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Meuroscience, 242, 46-52.

20.

Haberman, J., & Whitney, D. (2007). Rapid extraction of mean emotion and gender from sets of faces. Current Biology, 17, 751-753.

21.

Haberman, J., & Whitney, D. (2009). Seeing the mean: ensemble coding for sets of faces. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35, 718-734.

22.

Hertel, P. T., & Mathews, A. (2011). Cognitive bias modification past perspectives, current findings, and future applications. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 521-536.

23.

Hess, U., Adams Jr, R. B., & Kleck, R. E. (2007). Looking at you or looking elsewhere:The influence of head orientation on the signal value of emotional facial expressions. Motivation and Emotion, 31, 137-144.

24.

Hess, U., Blaison, C., & Kafetsios, K. (2016). Judging facial emotion expressions in context:The influence of culture and self-construal orientation. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 40, 55-64.

25.

Hirsch, C. R., & Mathews, A. (2000). Impaired positive inferential bias in social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 705-712.

26.

Ito, K., Masuda, T., & Li, L. M. W. (2013). Agency and facial emotion judgment in context. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39, 763-776.

27.

Jack, R. E., Blais, C., Scheepers, C., Schyns, P. G., & Caldara, R. (2009). Cultural confusions show that facial expressions are not universal. Current Biology, 19, 1543-1548.

28.

Kerr, S. L., & Neale, J. M. (1993). Emotion perception in schizophrenia: specific deficit or further evidence of generalized poor performance?. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 312.

29.

Knudsen, H. R., & Muzekari, L. H. (1983). The effects of verbal statements of context on facial expressions of emotion. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 7, 202-212.

30.

Ko, S. G., Lee, T. H., Yoon, H. Y., Kwon, J. H., & Mather, M. (2011). How does context affect assessments of facial emotion? The role of culture and age. Psychology and Aging, 26, 48.

31.

Lee, T., Choi, J., & Cho, Y. S. (2012). Context modulation of facial emotion perception differed by individual difference. PLoS One, 7, 3-8.

32.

Lee, T. H., Lee, K., Lee, K. Y., Choi, J. S., & Kim, H. T. (2006). The Korea University facial expression collection: KUFEC. Lab. Seoul, Korea: Lab. of Behavioral Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychology.

33.

Li, H., Ji, L., Tong, K., Ren, N., Chen, W., Liu, C. H., & Fu, X. (2016). Processing of individual items during ensemble coding of facial expressions. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1332.

34.

Masuda, T., Ellsworth, P. C., Mesquita, B., Leu, J., Tanida, S., & De Veerdonk, E. V. (2008). Placing the face in context: Cultural differences in the perception of facial emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 365-381.

35.

Matsumoto, D. (1989). Cultural influences on the perception of emotion. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 20, 92-105.

36.

Matsumoto, D., & Hwang, H. (2011). Culture, emotion, and expression. Advances in Culture and Psychology, 1, 53-98.

37.

Meeren, H. K., van Heijnsbergen, C. C., & de Gelder, B. (2005). Rapid perceptual integration of facial expression and emotional body language. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102, 16518-16523.

38.

Mesquita, B., Barrett, L. F., & Smith, E. R. (2010). The mind in context. New York:Guilford Press.

39.

Nakamura, M., Buck, R., & Kenny, D. (1990). Relative contributions of expressive behavior and contextual information to the judgment of the emotional state of another. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1032-1039.

40.

Ngo, N., & Isaacowitz, D. M. (2015). Use of context in emotion perception: The role of top-down control, cue type, and perceiver’s age. Emotion, 15, 292-302.

41.

Righart, R., & de Gelder, B. (2008). Rapid influence of emotional scenes on encoding of facial expressions: An ERP study. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 3, 270-278.

42.

Russell, J. A. (1994). Is there universal recognition of emotion from facial expression? A review of the cross-cultural studies. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 102-41.

43.

Russell, J. A., & Fehr, B. (1987). Relativity in the perception of emotion in facial expressions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 116, 223.

44.

Salovey, P., Stroud, L. R., Woolery, A., & Epel, E. S. (2002). Perceived emotional intelligence, stress reactivity, and symptom reports: Further explorations using the trait meta-mood scale. Psychology and Health, 17, 611-627.

45.

Sasson, N. J., Pinkham, A. E., Weittenhiller, L. P., Faso, D. J., & Simpson, C. (2015). Context effects on facial affect recognition in schizophrenia and autism: Behavioral and eye-tracking evidence. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 42, 675-683.

46.

Scherer, K. R., & Wallbott, H. G. (1994). Evidence for universality and cultural variation of differential emotion response patterning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 310.

47.

Schneider, W., Eschman, A., & Zuccolotto, A. (2002). E-Prime User’s Guide. Pittsburgh:Psychology Software Tools Inc.

48.

Wieser, M. J., & Brosch, T. (2012). Faces in context: A review and systematization of contextual influences on affective face processing. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 471.

49.

Yang, J. W., Yoon, K. L., Chong, S. C., & Oh, K. J. (2013). Accurate but pathological: Social anxiety and ensemble coding of emotion. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37, 572-578.

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology