본 연구는 불안장애 환자에서 비교적 일관되게 보고되는 행동 모니터링 특성이 불안장애 고위험군인 높은 특성불안을 가진 여자 대학생에서도 관찰되는지를 알아보았다. 상태-특성 불안 검사의 특성 불안 척도(State-Trait Anxiety Inventory trait scale: STAI-Y trait)와 Welsh 불안 척도(Welsh Anxiety Scale: WAS) 점수에 근거하여 높은 특성 불안군(n=24)과 낮은 특성 불안군(n=23)을 선정하였다. 행동 모니터링의 측정에는 사이먼 과제를 사용하였고, 사이먼 과제의 수행 동안 사건관련전위를 측정하였다. 사이먼 과제는 자극 위치와 반응 위치 간의 연합을 기본으로 하여, 자극의 위치와 반응 버튼의 위치가 동일한 일치 조건, 자극의 위치와 반응 버튼의 위치가 서로 다른 불일치 조건으로 구성되었다. 연구참여자에게는 자극이 제시되는 위치와 상관없이 각 자극에 이미 할당된 반응 버튼을 빠르고 정확하게 누르는 것이 요구되었다. 행동 자료 분석 결과, 반응 오류율과 반응 시간에서 높은 특성 불안군과 낮은 특성 불안군 사이에 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 사건관련전위 분석 결과, 낮은 특성 불안군에 비해 높은 특성 불안군이 중앙 전극영역(Cz)에서 유의하게 증가된 오류관련 부적전위(error-related negativity: ERN) 진폭과 정반응 부적전위(correct response negativity: CRN) 진폭을 보였으며, 이 결과는 우울과 과제 수행 전 상태불안을 통제한 경우에도 관찰되었다. 또한, Cz에서의 ERN과 CRN 진폭이 특성 불안 점수와 유의한 상관을 보였다. ERN과 CRN은 행동 모니터링 과정을 반영하는 것으로 알려져 있으며 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 높은 특성 불안군이 낮은 특성 불안군과 다른 행동 모니터링 특성을 가지고, 이러한 특성이 불안장애의 특성지표일 가능성을 시사한다.
This study investigated action monitoring in female college students with high trait anxiety using event-related potentials (EPRs) and Simon task. Based on the scores of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Y version trait scale and Welsh Anxiety Scale, high trait anxiety (n=24) and low trait anxiety (n=23) groups were determined. The Simon task consists of two conditions-congruent and incongruent conditions. The locations of stimulus and response were the same in the congruent condition, whereas the locations of stimulus and response were different in the incongruent condition. Participants were instructed to press one of four buttons assigned to the location of a stimulus. High and low trait anxiety groups showed comparable behavioral performance. In terms of ERPs, high trait anxiety group exhibited significantly larger amplitude of error-related negativity (ERN) and correct response negativity (CRN) on Cz electrode site than low trait anxiety group. And there were negative correlations between ERN/CRN amplitudes on Cz and trait anxiety level. The results of this study indicate that female college students with high trait anxiety have a different action monitoring pattern from that of low anxiety group and ERN/CRN amplitudes could be used as trait markers of anxiety disorder.
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