본 연구는 주의력결핍/과잉행동(attention deficit/hyperactivity; ADHD) 성향을 가지고 있는 대학생의 공간 작업 기억의 결함을 사건관련전위를 사용하여 조사하였다. Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale-한국판과 성인 ADHD 자기보고 척도의 점수에 근거하여 ADHD 성향군(n=31)과 정상통제군(n=32)을 선정하였다. 공간 작업 기억의 측정에 공간 2-back 과제가 사용되었는데, 이 과제는 2 시행 전에 제시되었던 자극의 위치가 현재 제시되는 자극의 위치와 일치하는 일치 조건과 일치하지 않는 불일치 조건으로 구성되며, 일치 조건에서 가능한 빠르고 정확하게 반응하는 것이 요구된다. 행동 자료의 분석 결과, 정상통제군에 비해 ADHD 성향군이 일치 조건에서 유의하게 낮은 반응 정확률을 보였다. 사건관련전위의 경우, 정상통제군에 비해 ADHD 성향군에서 유의하게 지연된 N200 잠재기와 감소된 P300 진폭이 관찰되었다. 즉, ADHD 성향군은 공간 작업 기억 과제에서 행동 수행의 저하뿐만 아니라 작업 기억 과정에서 요구되는 자극 간의 비교 및 인출(N200), 정보의 최신화(P300)에서 정상통제군에 비해 저하된 신경생리적 기능을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 ADHD 성향군이 공간 작업 기억의 결함과 공간 작업 기억에 관여하는 신경생리적 기능의 결함 가지고 있음을 시사한다.
This study investigated spatial working memory deficits in college students with attention-deficits/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits using event-related potentials (ERPs) and spatial 2-back task. Based on the scores of the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, ADHD-trait (n=31) and control (n=32) groups were selected. Participants were required to determine whether a current stimulus was in the same location as the stimulus presented 2 trials earlier. The ADHD-trait group showed significantly lower accuracy rate than the control group on the spatial 2-back task. In terms of ERPs, the ADHD-trait group exhibited significantly longer N200 latency as well as significantly smaller P300 amplitudes than the control group. The N200 and P300 components reflect the comparison of stimulus type, memory retrieval and memory updating, respectively. Therefore, the present results indicate that college students with ADHD traits have difficulties in comparison of relevant/irrelevant stimuli, memory retrieval and updating information in working memory. Results of this study further indicate that college students with ADHD traits have neurophysiological dysfunction associated with spatial working memory.
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