바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

인지부하가 오기억에 미치는 영향

The effects of cognitive load on accurate and false memories

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2004, v.16 no.1, pp.111-130
박미자 (연세대학교)
  • 다운로드 수
  • 조회수

초록

본 연구는 DRM(Deese-Roediger-McDermott) 절차를 사용해서 학습 단계에서 부과된 인지부하가 정확기억과 오기억에 어떤 영향을 주는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 두 실험에서 참가자들은 단어 학습과 추가적인 과제를 동시에 수행하였으며, 이를 단어학습만 한 통제조건과 비교하였다. 학습 후 자유회상검사와 재인검사가 실시되었으며 실험 2에선 일주일 지연 후 재인검사가 다시 실시되었다. 연구 결과 인지부하가 정확기억과 오기억에 서로 다른 영향을 준다는 것이 발견되었다. 학습 단계에서의 인지부하는 제시된 단어의 정확한 회상과 재인을 감소시켰지만, 제시되지 않은 관련 주제어를 제시된 것으로 잘못 기억하는 오회상과 오재인을 증가시켰다. 지연 재인검사 결과 정확기억은 감소한 반면 오기억은 증가하였다. 시간 지연은 실험조건과 상호작용 효과를 나타냈다. 이러한 연구 결과는 정확기억과 오기억이 서로 다른 처리에 기초한다는 이중처리 접근을 지지한다. 이중처리 접근의 대표적인 가설인 퍼지 흔적 가설과 활성화/모니터링 가설을 함께 논의하였다.

keywords
false memory, accurate memory, DRM procedure, cognitive load, dual-process approach, 오기억, DRM 절차, 인지부하, 이중처리 접근, false memory, accurate memory, DRM procedure, cognitive load, dual-process approach

Abstract

The present study examined the effects of cognitive load at encoding on accurate and false memories. In two experiments using the DRM(Deese-Roediger-McDermott) procedure, participants were assigned to either a cognitive load condition in which they performed an additional task while studying the presented word or a condition which they just learned the presented word. Free recall tests and a recognition test were administered in both experiment. In the second experiment participants were retested on the recognition test after a week. The results indicated that cognitive load at encoding had different effects on accurate and false memories. Cognitive load at encoding resulted in the reduction of accurate recall and accurate recognition whereas it increased false recall and false recognition. Accurate recognition of presented words decreased but false recognition of critical lures increased over a one-week delay. There was a significant interaction of time delay and cognitive load. These results support the dual-process approach including the fuzzy trace hypothesis and the activation/monitoring hypothesis, suggesting the underlying processes of accurate and false memories are different.

keywords
false memory, accurate memory, DRM procedure, cognitive load, dual-process approach, 오기억, DRM 절차, 인지부하, 이중처리 접근, false memory, accurate memory, DRM procedure, cognitive load, dual-process approach

참고문헌

1.

(2003) 오 기억을 산출하는 단어 목록 규준 , 가톨릭대학교 사회과학연구소

2.

(1999) Rules of mind, Erlbaum

3.

(1974) The psychology of learning and motivation Advances in research and theory, Academic Press

4.

(1999) Working memory: The multiple component model, Cambridge University Press

5.

(1932) A study in experimental and social psychology, Cambridge University Press

6.

(2001) On the dual effects of repetition on false recognition ,

7.

(2003) Phantom recall,

8.

(1996) Mere memory testing creates false memories in children,

9.

(1998) Fuzzy trace theory and children's false memories,

10.

(2001) Conjoint recognition and phantom recollection. ,

11.

(1971) The abstraction of linguistic ideas,

12.

(1975) A spreading- activation theory of semantic processing,

13.

(1959) On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall,

14.

(1996) Remembering words not presented in lists: Relevance to the current recovered/false memory controversy.,

15.

(1997) Remembering words not presented in lists: Can we avoid creating false memories?,

16.

(2002) Variability among word lists in eliciting memory illusions Evidence for associative activation and monitoring ,

17.

(1984) A retrieval model for both recognition and recall,

18.

(2002) Influences of intentional and unintentional forgetting on false memories,

19.

(197819-31) Semantic integration of verbal information into a visual memory Journal of Experimental Psychology,

20.

(1980) Recognizing:The judgment of previous occurrence,

21.

(1998) Attempting to avoid illusory memories Robust false recognition of associates persists under conditions of explicit warning and immediate testing ,

22.

(2001) The rise and fall of false recall:The impact presentation duration,

23.

(1999) Theoretical commentary:The role of criterion shift in false memory,

24.

(1999) Models of working memory Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control, Cambridge University Press

25.

(1997) False recognition in younger and older adults:Exploring the characteristics of illusory memories,

26.

(2002) Effects of divided attention and word concreteness on correct recall and false memory reports,

27.

(2000) The effects od a levels-of-processing manipulation on false recall,

28.

(1997) Associative processes in false recall and false recognition,

29.

(2001) Spreading activation and arousal of false memories : The nature of remembering: Essays in honor of Robert G. Crowder , American Psychological Association.

30.

(1995) Remembering words not presented in lists ,

31.

(1996) False perceptions of false memories ,

32.

(2003) If I didn't write it, why would I remember it?: Effects of encoding, attention, nd practice on accurate and false memory.,

33.

(1998) Creating false memories of words with or without recognition of list items:Evidence for nonconscious processes,

34.

(2003) Are false memories more difficult to forget than accurate memories? , Memory & Cognition

35.

(2002) Repetition can have similar or different effects on accurate and false recognition ,

36.

(2002) False memories are hard to inhibit Differential effects of directed forgetting on accurate and false recall in the DRM procedure,

37.

(1988) Pragmatics of measuring recognition memory Applications to dementia and amnesia Journal of Experimental Psychology,

38.

False recall and false recognition induced by presentation of associated words Effects of retention interval and level of processing,

39.

(1999) Recall accuracy and illusory memories:When more is less,

40.

(1989) Is working memory capacity task dependent? Journal of Memory & Language,

41.

(1965) False recognition produced by implicit verbal responses,

42.

(2000) False memories and statistical decision theory: Comment on Miller and Wolford and Roediger and McDermott ,

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물