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ISSN : 1226-9654

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Vol.18 No.3
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Effect of Orientation and Shading of Oval Patterns on Visual Search

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2006, v.18 no.3, pp.239-262


& (2006). Effect of Orientation and Shading of Oval Patterns on Visual Search. The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, 18(3), 239-262.
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Abstract

We investigated whether orientations shape-from-shading of oval pattern influence visual search processes differently. In Experiment 1, the strength of orientation was manipulated by using three ratios of vertical to horizontal axes and vice versa: 1:4, 2:4, 3:4. Each type of oval was used for target or distracter. In Experiment 2, shape-from-shading was applied to oval pattern, so the patterns were convex or concave. In Experiment 1, vertically elongated oval target conditions were faster than horizontally elongated target conditions. And search asymmetry was getting obvious as ratio between horizontal and vertical axis became low. In Experiment 2, there was an interaction between orientation and shading. A vertical target was popped-out quickly against horizontal oval background. only when background was convex. In contrary, search for horizontal target against vertical background was faster in case of concave background than in convex. The results strongly suggest that horizontal or vertical orientation are not equally sensitive in visual system. Visual system seems to find an vertical object at horizontal background easier than an opposite case under naturally lit environment.

keywords
oval, orientation, shading, visual search, countershading, 타원, 방위, 음영, 시각탐색과제, 역음영

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Campbell, F. W, (1996) The effect of orientation on thevisual resolution of gratings,

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Campbell,F.W.,, (1968) Application of Fourier Analysis to the visibility of gratings,

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Coppola, D. M, (1998) Unequal distribution ofcardinal and oblique contours in ferret visual cortex,

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Cumming, B. G, (2002) An unexpected specialization for horizontal disparity in primate primary visual cortex,

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Yund, (1982) The orientation and direction selectivity of cells in macaque visual cortex,

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Duncan,J.,, (1989) Visual search and a stimulus similarity,

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Enns, (1990) Influence of scene-based properties on visual search,

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Furmanski, C. S, (2000) An oblique effect in human primary visual cortex,

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Hansen, B. C, (2004) A horizontal bias in human visual processing of orientation and its correspondence to the structural components of natural scenes,

57.

Huang, L, (2002) Symmetry detection and visual attention: a ＂binary- map＂ hypothesis,

58.

Hubel, (1968) Journal of physiology,

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Hubel,D.H.,Wiesel,T.N.,Stryker,M.P, (1978) Anatomical demonstration of orientation columns in macaque monkey,

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Kelly, D. M, (2001) Detection of Glass Patterns by Pigeons and Humans: Implication for Differences in Higher-Level Processing,

61.

Kleffner, (199218-36) On the perception of shape from shading,

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Li, Peterson, Freeman , (2003) The Oblique Effect: a neural basis in the visual cortex,

63.

Murata. A, Vertical axis awareness in 3d environments,

64.

Nakayama, (1986) Serial and parallel processing of visual feature conjunctions,

65.

Nothdurft, H. C, (1999) Focal attention in visual search,

66.

Oliver, C. N. L, (2003) Attentional guidance by salient feature singletons depends on intertrial contingencies.,

67.

Orban, (1984) Human orientation discrimination tested with long stimuli,

68.

Ostrovsky, Y, (2005) Perceiving illumination inconsistencies in scenes,

69.

PPelli, D. G, (1997) The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics Transforming numbers into movies,

70.

Ramachandran,V.S, (1988) Perceiving shape from shading,

71.

Regan, (1986) Periodicity in orientation discrimination and the unconfounding of visual information,

72.

Rensink, R, (2004) The influence of cast shadows on visual search,

73.

Ruxton, G. E, (2004) What, if anything, is the adaptive function of countershading? ,

74.

Sireteanu, R., & Rettenbach R , (1995) Perceptual learning in visual search: Fast, enduring, but non-specific. ,

75.

Snowden, R. J, (1998) Texture segregation and visual search: A comparison of the effects of random variations along irrelevant dimensions.,

76.

Sun, J. Y, (1996) Preattentive Percetion of Elementary Three-Dimensional Shapes,

77.

Sun, J. Y, (1998) Where is the Sun?,

78.

Tomonaga, M, (1998) Perception of shape from shading in chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes) and humans(Homo sapiens).,

79.

A, (1986) Features and objects in visual processing,

80.

Treisman,A.,, (1980) A feature integration theory of attention,

81.

Treisman,A, (1988) Feature analysis in early vision:Evidence from search asymmetries,

82.

A, (1985) A diagnostic for preattentive processing of separable features Journal of Experimental Psychology,

83.

Wolfe, J. M, (2003) Changing Your Mind: On the Contribution of Top-Down and Bottom-up Guidance in Visual Search for Feature Singletons.,

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology

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