바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

ACOMS+ 및 학술지 리포지터리 설명회

  • 한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI) 서울분원 대회의실(별관 3층)
  • 2024년 07월 03일(수) 13:30
 

logo

움직임 자극에 대한 지향적 해석의 발달

Developmental Changes in Reading Intentionality in Animated Shapes

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2007, v.19 no.1, pp.53-76
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2007.19.1.004
김혜리 (충북대학교)
정명숙 (꽃동네대학교)
이수미 (충북대학교)
조경자 (충북대학교)

초록

마음읽기에 가장 기본이 되는 능력은 특정 방향으로 움직이는 자극을 바람, 믿음, 의도와 같은 마음상태를 가진 행위자(agent)로 해석하는 능력이다. 본 연구는 움직이는 자극을 지향적인 행위자인 것으로 해석하는 능력이 연령에 따라 어떻게 발달하는지, 또 그러한 능력이 움직임의 주체와 그 유형에 따라 어떻게 달리 나타나는지 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 6 종류의 동영상 자극을 사용하였는데, 이 자극들은 2개의 사람 모양 또는 2개의 삼각형이 움직임의 주체가 되어 세 가지 유형으로 움직이는 자극이었다. 세 가지 움직임 유형은 두 개의 자극이 특별한 의미 없이 서로 무관하게 움직이는 무선적 움직임, 특정한 목적으로 움직이는 목적적 움직임, 2개의 사람모양 또는 삼각형이 교류하는 움직임이었다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 움직이는 대상이 목적, 바람, 정서와 같은 마음상태를 가지고 행동하고 있는 행위자인 것으로 해석하는 경향은 연령이 많아질수록 증가하였다. 둘째, 움직이는 대상에 지향성을 부여하는 경향은 두 자극이 교류하듯이 움직일 경우에만 나타났다. 끝으로, 움직임을 지향적으로 해석하는 경향은 움직임의 주체가 무엇인지에 영향을 받지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 움직이는 자극을 지향적인 행위자로 해석하게 되는 정도는 움직임의 유형에 따라 다르며, 이러한 경향성은 연령이 증가함에 따라 발달한다는 것을 보여준다.

keywords
지향성, 삼각형, 사람, 무선적 움직임, 목적적 움직임, 교류적 움직임, intentionality, mindreading, subject of motion, motion patterns

Abstract

One of the most efficient ways of understanding other's actions is to mindread, that is, to interpret other's actions in terms of their mental states such as desires, beliefs, intentions. The basic mechanism that allows us to mindread is the intentionality detector, a tendency to perceive moving things as intentional agents with mental state such as desires, beliefs, and intentions. This study examined whether we perceive moving nonself-propelled objects such as triangle as intentional agents as we do self-propelled objects such as humans, and wether this tendency is gained with age. Six different types of computer-presented 40-second animations were used; three of them were two triangles moving around the screen, at random sequences, goal-directed(G-D) sequences and Theory of mind(Tom) sequences, the other three were human silhouettes moving around those three different sequences. The results were as follows: First, subjects interpreted triangle silhouettes intentionally as much as human silhouettes. Second, subjects interpreted G-D and Tom sequences more intentionally than random sequences, and this tendency was gained with age. This results suggest that the tendency to perceive moving things as intentional agents varies according to the motion patterns, and the tendency develops as children get older.

keywords
지향성, 삼각형, 사람, 무선적 움직임, 목적적 움직임, 교류적 움직임, intentionality, mindreading, subject of motion, motion patterns

참고문헌

1.

박민, 이승복, 윤효운, 김소영, 김혜리 (2006). 지향성 탐지기: 과제에 따른 뇌 활성화 영역 차이. 한국심리학회지: 실험, 18(2), 127-138.

2.

이승복, 박민, 윤효운, 김혜리 (2006). 지향성 탐지 과정의 뇌 활성화: 기능적 자기공명 영상 연구. 인지과학, 17(1), 1-13.

3.

조경자, 시은경, 김혜리 (2006). 자극의 주체와 움직임의 유형이 지향성 탐지에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 19(2), 61-76.

4.

Abell, F., Happé, F., & Frith, U. (2000). Do triangles play tricks? Attribution of mental states to animated shapes in normal and abnormal development. Cognitive Development, 15, 1-16.

5.

Baron-Cohen, S. (1995). Mindblindness: An essay on autism and theory of mind. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

6.

Bertenthal, B. I., Proffitt, D. R., & Cutting, J. E. (1984). Infant sensitivity to figural coherence in biomechanical motion. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 37, 213-220.

7.

Brentano F. (1874). The distinction between mental and physical phenomena. Reprinted in Chisholm RM. 1960. Realism and the background of phenomenology. The Free Press: New York.

8.

Brothers, L. (1990). The social brain: A project for integrating primate behavior and neurophysiology in a new domain. Concepts in NeuroScience 1, 27-51.

9.

Byrne, R. & Whiten, A. (1988). Machiavellian Intelligence: Social Expertise and the Evolution of Intellect in Monkeys, Apes, and Humans. Oxford University Press.

10.

Castelli, F., Happé, F., Frith U., & Frith, C. (2000). Movement and mind: a functional imaging study of perception and interpretation of complex international movement patterns. Neuroimage, 12, 314-325.

11.

Cosmides, L. (1989). The logic of social exchange: has natural selection shaped how humans reason? Studies with the Wason selection task. Cognition, 31, 187-276.

12.

Dennett, D. C. (1978). The intentional stance. Cambridge, MA: Bradford Books/MIT Press.

13.

Gergeley, G., Nadasdy, Z., Csibra, G., & Biro, S. (1995). Taking the intentional stance at 12 months of age. Cognition, 56, 165-193.

14.

Gopnik, A. (1993). Mindblindness. Unpublished essay, University of California, Berkeley.

15.

Happė, F. & Frith, U. (1999). How the brain reads the minds. Neuroscience News, 2(1), 16-25.

16.

Heider, F., & Simmel, M. (1944). An experimental study of apparent behavior. American Journal of Psychology, 57, 243-259.

17.

Hietanen, J., & Perrett, D. (1991). A role of expectation in visual and tactile processing within temporal cortex. In Brain Mechanisms of Perception and Memory: From Neuron to Behavior, Ed. T. Ono et al. Oxford University Press.

18.

Humphrey, N. (1984). Consciousness Regained. Oxford University Press.

19.

Kamerawi, K., Kato, M., Kanda, T., Ishiguro, H., & Hiraki, K. (2005). Six-and-a-half-month- old children positively attribute goals to human action and to humanoid-robot motion. Cognitive Development, 20, 303-320.

20.

Kuhlmeier, V., Wynn, K., & Bloom, P. (2003). Attribution of dispositional states by 12-month-old infants. Psychological Science, 14, 402-408.

21.

Luo, Y., & Baillargeon, R. (2005). When the ordinary seems unexpected: Evidence for incremental physical knowledge in young infants. Cognition, 95, 297-328.

22.

Oateley, K. & Yuill, N (1985). Perception of personal and interpersonal action in a cartoon film. British Journal of Social Psychology, 24, 115-124.

23.

Perner, J. (1991). Understanding the representational mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

24.

Perrett, D., & Mistlin, A. (1990). Perception of facial characteristics by monkeys. In Comparative Perception, vol 2: omples signal, ed. W. Stebbins and M. Berkely, Wiley.

25.

Premack, D. (1990). The infants's theory of self-propelled objects. Cognition, 36, 1-16.

26.

Premack. D., & Woodruff, F. (1978). Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? Behavioral and Brain Science, 4, 515-526.

27.

Reddy, V. (1991) Playing with other's expectations: Teasing and mucking about in the first year. In Natural Theories of Mind, ed. A. Whiten. Blackwell.

28.

Rimé, B., Boulanger, B., Laubin, P., Richir, M., & Stroobants, K. (1985). The Perception of interpersonal emotions originated by patterns of movement. Motive Emotion, 9, 241-260.

29.

Spelke, E. S., Phillips, A. T., & Woodward, A. L. (1995). Infants' knowledge of object motion and human action. In D. Sperber, D. Premack, and A. Premack (Eds.), Causal cognition: A multidisciplinary debate. Clarendon Press: Oxford.

30.

Springer, K., Meier, J. A., & Berry, D. (1996). Nonverbal bases of social perception: developmental change in sensitivity to patterns of motion that reveal interpersonal events. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 20, 199-211.

31.

Wellman, H. M. (1990). The child's theory of mind. Cambridge, MA: Bradford.

32.

Wellman, H. M., & Lagattuta, K. H. (2000). Developing understanding of mind. In S. Baron-cohen, H. Tager-Flusberg, & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Understanding other minds: perspectives from developmental cognitive neuroscience. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

33.

Woodward, A. (1998). Infants selectively encode the goals of a human actor. Cognition, 13, 103-128.

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물