ISSN : 1226-9654
선택적 주의가 정서적 평가에 미치는 영향에 대한 이전 연구에서 선택적 주의에 의해 무시된 자극이 선택된 자극과 새로운 자극에 비해 정서적 평가에서 더 부정적인 반응을 일으킨다는 사실이 밝혀진 바 있다(Raymond, Fenske & Tavassoli, 2003). 본 연구에서는 친숙하지 않은 얼굴 자극을 사용하여, 제시된 얼굴 자극들 중 하나를 선택하여 작업기억에 유지하는 것과 작업기억 내의 표상들 중 하나를 선택하여 유지하는 것이 사회-정서적 평가에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 알아보고자 하였다. 기억해야 할 자극의 위치를, 자극 제시 전에 알려주는 조건(사전 단서 조건)과 자극이 제시되고 사라진 후에 알려주는 조건(사후 단서 조건)을 통하여 지각 표상과 기억 표상 각각에서 선택이 일어나도록 하였다. 참가자들은 화면 좌우에 제시되는 두 개의 얼굴 중 사전 혹은 사후 단서가 가리키는 하나의 얼굴을 기억하도록 지시를 받았고, 이후에 선택된 얼굴, 선택되지 않은 얼굴, 새로운 얼굴 중 하나의 얼굴에 대해 5점 척도로 신뢰성을 평정하였다. 그 결과, 사전 단서 조건과 사후 단서 조건 모두에서 선택된 얼굴에 대한 신뢰성 평정 결과가 선택되지 않은 얼굴과 새로운 얼굴에 대한 신뢰성 평정 결과에 비해 유의미하게 높게 나타났다. 또한, 이전 연구들과는 달리, 새로운 얼굴보다 선택되지 않은 얼굴에 대한 신뢰성 평정이 더 낮은 것으로 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 작업기억에 유지하고 있는 정보에 대해 긍정적인 방향으로 사회-정서적 편파가 나타남을 시사한다.
It is found that previously ignored stimuli are devaluated than previously selected or novel stimuli in social-emotional evaluation task (Raymond, Fenske, & Tavassoli, 2003). We extended the previous research to the selection on the working memory representations. Participants were to remember one of two faces according to a cue. The cue was presented before the faces (pre-cue condition) or after the faces (post-cue condition). The task was to score the reliability of a selected face, an unselected face, or a novel face on a five point scale while maintaining the cued face. The selected faces were evaluated more trustworthy than the unselected or novel faces significantly under both the pre- and post-cue conditions. In addition, the reliability of unselected faces did not appear less trustworthy than that of the novel faces. These results suggest that information in the working memory is biased positively on the social-emotional judgments.
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