ISSN : 1226-9654
본 연구는 생태심리학자인 E. Gibson(1969)의 학습에 대한 ‘지각적 분화(perceptual differentiation)’이론에 기반을 두고 골프 퍼팅에서 관성 모멘트가 중요한 지각적 불변치이며, 관성 모멘트에 대한 지각적 분화가 골프 퍼팅의 정확성 향상에 효과가 있으리라는 가정 하에 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 고정무게 퍼터 집단(A)과 가변무게 퍼터 집단(B)으로 나누어 다섯 회에 걸쳐 반복 실험을 실시하여 두 집단의 정확성의 차이와 변화를 조사 및 비교하였다. 고정무게 퍼터집단은 상용되는 고정된 무게(500g)의 퍼터를 사용하여 연습하였고, 가변무게 퍼터 집단은 퍼터 헤드의 무게를 변화시켜 세 가지 다양한 무게(500g, 625g, 750g)의 퍼터로 연습하였으며, 실험 시에는 두 집단 모두 고정무게(500g) 퍼터를 사용하였다. 관성 모멘트를 측정한 결과 일반 퍼터는 .173kg·m2, 125g을 부착한 퍼터는 .235kg·m2, 250g을 부착한 퍼터는 .298kg·m2였다. 데이터에 대해 반복 혼합 분석을 실시한 결과 날짜와 집단의 상호작용에 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 이러한 결과는 초기에는 집단 A가 정확한 수행을 하였으나 훈련이 반복되면서 집단 B의 수행이 더 정확해 진 것을 나타내며 본 연구의 가설이 지지됨을 보여준다. 이와 함께 날짜(Day)에 유의미한 차이가 있었으며 이는 학습이 거듭될수록 수행이 더욱 수행이 정확해 짐을 나타낸다. 실험의 결과는 골프 퍼팅에 E. Gibson의 ‘지각적 분화’이론이 타당하게 적용됨을 보여준다.
For investigating whether the moment of inertia be the crucial perceptual invariant and perceptual differentiation on moment of inertia would enhance the accuracy of golf putting, the present experiment was conducted from the perspective of the ecological psychology. Group A used the putter of fixed weight(500g), and group B used the putter of varying weight(500g, 625g, 750g) for the practice, and they used the same fixed weight putter(500g) for the test. The moment of intia of the 500g putter was .173kg·m2, the 625g putter was .235kg·m2, the 750g putter was .298kg·m2. The accuracy of the two groups was compared based on their five sessions of putting, and the results showed that there were significant differences on Day, and, also, on interaction of Day and Group. The result of interaction between Day and Group showed us that in the beginning the performance of Group A was superior to Group B, but as the practice continued the performance of Group B became more accurate than Group A, and this result supported the hypothesis of the present study. In sum, the perceptual differentiation theory of E. Gibson can be properly applicable to learning of the golf putting.
박찬희, (2007) 운동역학, 동아대학교 출판부
신미경, (2006) 다이나믹 접근법을 적용한 골프 퍼팅 분석, 한국스포츠리서치
신미경, (2007) 다이나믹 접근법을 적용한 골프 퍼팅 학습의 역동적 특성 연구, 한국심리학회지: 실험
김창국 ; 이병원 ; 이대연 ; 윤완영, (2006) 상지근육의 동적수축 통제가 골프 퍼팅의 정확도에 미치는 영향, 한국사회체육학회지
하종규, (2006) 골프 퍼팅 시 오류동작 교정을 위한 진단과 처방, 한국운동역학회지
Abernity, B., (1993) Searching for the minimal essential information for skilled perception and action, Psycho Res
Bootsma, R.J., (1989) Accuracy of perceptual processes subserving different perception- action systems, Quarterly Journal of Exeprimental Psychology
Bootsma, R.J., (1990) Timmimg an attacking forehand drive in table tennis, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
Burton, G., (1990) Attentionally splitting the mass distribution of hand-held rods, Perception & Psychophysics
Carello,C., (1999) Perceiving the sweet spot, Perception
Carelloo, C., (2000) Human Movement Science, Human Movement Science
Cutting, J.E., (1986) Perception with an eye for motion, MIT Press
Feynman, R.S., (1967) The character of physical law, MIT press
Gibson, E.J., (1955) Percepual Learning:Differentiation or Enrichment? Psychological, Psychological Review
Gibson, E.J., (1969) Principles of perceptual learning and development, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
Gibson, J.J., (1958) Visually controlled locomotin and visual orinentation in animals, British Journal of Psychology
Gibson, J.J., (1966) The senses considered as perceptual systems, Boston; Houghton Mifflin
Gibson, J.J., (1979) The ecological approach to visual perception, Boston; Houghton Mifflin
Karlson, J., (2007) Club shaft weight in putting accuracy and perception of swing parameters in golf putting, Perceptual and Motor Skills
Kugler, P.N., (1980) On the concept of coordinative structures as dissipative structures: Ⅰ. Theoritical lines of convergence, Amesterdam: North Holland
Kugler, P.N., (1987) Information, natural law, and the self-assembly of rhythmic movement, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Lintern, G., (1991) An informational perspective on skill transfer in human-machine systems, Human factors
Michaels, C., (1981) Direct perception, Prentice Hall
Pagano, C.C., (1996) Extero and exproprio-perception by dynamic touchare different functions of the inertia tensor, Perception & Psychophysics
Pagano, C.C., (1993) Tensorial basis to the constancy of perceived object extent over variations of dynamic touch, Perception & Psychophysics
Saltzman, (1987) Skilled actions:?A Task-Dynamic Approach, Psychological Review
Sim, M., (1997) Intrinsic and required dynamics of a simple bat-ball skill, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
Solomom, H.Y., (1989a) Gravitational and muscular variables in perceiving extent by weiding, Ecological Psychology
Solomom, H.Y., (1989b) Perceiving extent of rods by weilding: Haptic diagonalization and decomposition of the inertia tensor, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
Turvey, M.T., (1995) Dynamic touch. In W. Epstein, S. Rogers, Handbook of perception and cognition, Vol. 5. Perception of space and motion, Academic Press
Turvey, M.T., (1996) Dynamic touch, American Psychologist
Turvey, M.T., (1998) Perceiving the width and height of a hand-held object by dynamic touch, Journal of Experimental Psychologty: Human Perception and Performance
Wiren, G., (1992) Golf, building a solid game, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall