바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

ISSN : 1226-9654

Article Contents

Prev Next
e-Submission

Vol.20 No.4
Citation Share

The Properties and Measurements of N2pc componentEvoked by A Target in Visual Search

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2008, v.20 no.4, pp.247-263
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2008.20.4.003

(2008). The Properties and Measurements of N2pc componentEvoked by A Target in Visual Search. The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, 20(4), 247-263, https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2008.20.4.003
  • Downloaded
  • Viewed
PDF Download

Abstract

This review aims to specify problems and to explain the reason why they occur when measuring event-related potentials (ERPs)--N2pc(N2 post-contralateral) component often used in recent studies of visual attention. For these purposes, an overview of N2pc measurement technique to observe an attention shift in visual search was provided, and several solutions for the problems were discussed. Presence of N2pc component is determined according to a more negative-going potential in EEG amplitude measured from the electrodes that are contralateral to the target than those ipsilateral, elicited about 200ms after the search array onset. Generally, the amplitude difference between the contra- and ipsilateral electrodes becomes maximal when attention shifts to the target location, and the moment of this attention shift can be sought by systematic tests of the amplitude and latency of N2pc component. N2pc measurement requires high signal-to-noise ratio, and this can be accomplished by minimizing any noise occurring when EEGs are initially recorded online. Eye movements to a target position can exaggerate the N2pc contra-ipsi difference and thus trials with saccades toward the target position are typically rejected rather than corrected. To minimize lateralized readiness potentials (LRPs) possibly evoked by any lateralized search target, it is recommended to use only one hand for responses while switching the hand across blocks to counterbalance handedness.

keywords
attention shift, event-related potentials, N2pc, visual search, 주의 전환, 사건 관련 전위, N2pc, 시각 탐색

Reference

1.

Agam, Y., (2009) Early neural signature of visual short-term memory, NeuroImage

2.

Dehaene, S., (1998) Imaging unconscious semantic priming, Nature

3.

Eimer,M., (1996) The N2pc component as an indicator of attentional selectivity, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology

4.

Gratton, G., (1997) Fast and localized event-related optical signals (EROS) in the human occipital cortex: comparisons with the visual evoked potentials and fMRI, Neuroimage

5.

Hillyard, S. A., (1998) Event-related brain potentials in the study of visual selective attention, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA)

6.

Hillyard, S. A., (1998) Temporal dynamics of early perceptual processing, Current Opinion in Neurobiology

7.

Hopf, J.-M., (2002) How does attention attenuate target-distractor interference in vision? Evidence from magnetoencephalographic recordings, Cognitive Brain Research

8.

Hopf, J.-M., (2004) Attention to features precedes attention to locations in visual search: Evidence from electromagnetic brain responses in humans, Journal of Neuroscience

9.

Hopf, J.-M., (2006) The neural site of attention matches the spatial scale of perception, Journal of Neuroscience

10.

Hopf, J.-M., (2000) Neural sources of focused attention in visual search, Cerebral Cortex

11.

Hyun, J.-S, The role of attention in the binding of surface features to locations Visual Cognition,

12.

Hyun, J.-S., The comparison process of visual working memory representations with perceptual inputs, Journal of Experimental Psychology

13.

Jonides,J., (1981) Voluntary versus automatic control over the mind's eye's movement ; Attention and Performance IX , Erlbaum

14.

Luck,S.J., (1994) Cognitive and neural mechanisms of visual search, Current Opinion in Neurobiology

15.

Luck,S.J., (1998) Neurophysiology of selective attention ; Attention , Psychology Press

16.

Luck,S.J., (2005a) An Introduction to the Event-Related Potential Technique, MIT Press

17.

Luck,S.J., (2005) The operation of attention?millisecond by millisecond?over the first half second ; The First Half Second: The Microgenesis and Temporal Dynamics of Unconscious and Conscious Visual Processes, MIT Press

18.

Luck, S. J., (1997) Neural mechanisms of spatial selective attention in areas V1, V2, and V4 of macaque visual cortex, Journal of Neurophysiology

19.

Luck, S. J., (1998) Electrophysiological approaches to the study of selective attention in the human brain ; The Attentive Brain, MIT Press

20.

Luck, S. J., (1997) Bridging the gap between monkey neurophysiology and human perception: An ambiguity resolution theory of visual selective attention, Cognitive Psychology

21.

Luck, S. J., (1990) Electrophysiological evidence for parallel and serial processing during visual search, Perception and Psychophysics

22.

Luck, S. J., (1994) Spatial filtering during visual search:?Evidence from human electrophysiology, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance

23.

Luck, S. J., (2000) Event-related potential studies of attention, Trends in Cognitive Sciences

24.

Luethold, H., (1996) Partial advance in formation and response preparation: Inferences from the lateralized readiness potential, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

25.

Mangun,G.R., (1987) Mechanisms of visual selective attention:?Analyses with event-related brain potentials in humans,

26.

Mangun,G.R., (1995) Neural mechanisms of visual selective attention, Psychophysiology

27.

Mangun, G. R., (1987) The spatial orienting of attention: Sensory facilitation or response bias? ; Current Trends in Event-Related Potential Research , Elsevier

28.

Mangun, G. R., (1988) Spatial gradients of visual attention: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology

29.

Maunsell, J. H. R., (1987) Visual processing in monkey extrastriate cortex, Visual processing in monkey extrastriate cortex

30.

Miller, J., (1998) Jackknife-based method for measuring LRP onset latency differences, Psychophysiology

31.

Mueller, H. J., (1989) Reflexive and voluntary orienting of visual attention: Time course of activation and resistance to interruption, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance

32.

Nakayama, K., (1989) Sustained and transient components of focal visual attention, Vision Research

33.

Schwarzenau, P., (1998) A new methods for the estimation of the onset of the lateralized readiness potential(LRP), Behavior Research Methods Instruments & Computers

34.

Treisman,A., (1988) Features and objects: The fourteenth Bartlett memorial lecture, Features and objects: The fourteenth Bartlett memorial lecture

35.

Treisman, A., (1988) Feature analysis in early vision: Evidence from search asymmetries, Psychological Review

36.

Treisman, A., (1990) Conjunction search revisited, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance

37.

Woodman, G. F., (1999) Electrophysiological measurement of rapid shifts of attention during visual search, Nature

38.

Woodman, G. F., (2003a) Dissociations among attention, perception, and awareness during object-substitution masking, Psychological Science

39.

Woodman, G. F., (2003b) Serial deployment of attention during visual search, Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology

e-Submission OA Policy