ISSN : 1226-9654
Historically, memory studies have focused more on the accuracy of memory reports than the decision processes responsible for translating memory evidence into overt judgments of remembering. Indeed, these decision processes have often been treated as nuisance variables whose influence must be removed so that the accuracy of different observers or experimental conditions can be reliably compared. Recently however, there has been a renewed interest in the mechanisms that support decision-making in memory and the degree to which these mechanisms are flexible, adaptive, and separable. This review examines various characteristics of criterion (role of criterion, variables that influence criterion setting, flexibility or shift of criterion, multiple decision criteria) and recognition memory models in terms of this decision process.
Ashby, F. G. (2000). A stochastic version of general recognition theory. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 44(2), 310-329.
Azimian-Faridani, N., & Wilding, E. (2006). The influence of criterion shifts on electrophysiological correlates of recognition memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18(7), 1075-1086.
Banks, W. P. (1970). Signal detection theory and human memory. Psychological Bulletin, 74(2), 81-99.
Benjamin, A., & Bawa, S. (2004). Distractor plausibility and criterion placement in recognition. Journal of Memory & Language, 51(2), 159-172.
Benjamin, A. S. (2003). Predicting and postdicting the effects of word frequency on memory. Memory & Cognition, 31(2), 297-305.
Brown, J., Lewis, V., & Monk, A. (1977). Memorability, word frequency and negative recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 29(3), 461-473.
Dobbins, I. G., & Kroll, N. E. (2005). Distinctiveness and the recognition mirror effect: Evidence for an item-based criterion placement heuristic. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31(6), 1186-1198.
Dobbins, I. G., Kroll, N. E. A., Yonelinas, A. P., & Liu, Q. (1998). Distinctiveness in recognition and free recall: The role of recollection in the rejection of the familiar. Journal of Memory & Language, 38(4), 381-400.
Donaldson, W. (1996). The role of decision processes in remembering and knowing. Memory & Cognition, 24(4), 523-533.
Donaldson, W., & Murdock, B. B., Jr. (1968). Criterion change in continuous recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 76(3), 325-330.
Dunn, J. C. (2004). Remember-know: A matter of confidence. Psychological Review, 111(2), 524-542.
Gardiner, J. M., & Java, R. I. (1990). Recollective experience in word and nonword recognition. Memory & Cognition, 18(1), 23-30.
Gardiner, J. M., Ramponi, C., & Richardson-Klavehn, A. (1998). Experiences of remembering, knowing, and guessing. Consciousness & Cognition, 7(1), 1-26.
Gardiner, J. M., Ramponi, C., & Richardson-Klavehn, A. (2002). Recognition memory and decision processes: A meta-analysis of remember, know, and guess responses. Memory, 10(2), 83-98.
Gardiner, J. M., & Richardson-Klavehn, A. (2000). Remembering and knowing. In E. Tulving & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), The oxford handbook of memory (pp.229-244). London: Oxford University Press.
Gillund, G., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1984). A retrieval model for both recognition and recall. Psychological Review, 91(1), 1-67.
Glanzer, M., & Adams, J. K. (1990). The mirror effect in recognition memory: Data and theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 16(1), 5-16.
Gordon, S. K., & Clark, W. C. (1974). Adult age differences in word and nonsense syllable recognition memory and response criterion. Journal of Gerontology, 29(6), 659-665.
Green, D. M., & Swets, J. A. (1974). Signal detection theory and psychophysics. Oxford, England: Robert E. Krieger.
Han, S., & Dobbins, I. G. (2008). Examining recognition criterion rigidity during testing using a biased feedback technique: Evidence for a adaptive criterion learning. Memory & Cognition, 36(4), 703-715.
Han, S., & Dobbins, I. G. (in press). Regulating recognition decisions through incremental reinforcement learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review.
Healy, A. F., & Kubovy, M. (1978). The effects of payoffs and prior probabilities on indices of performance and cutoff location in recognition memory. Memory & Cognition, 6(5), 544-553.
Hirshman, E. (1995). Decision processes in recognition memory: Criterion shifts and the list-strength paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 21(2), 302-313.
Hirshman, E., & Henzler, A. (1998). The role of decision processes in conscious recollection. Psychological Science, 9(1), 61-65.
Hirshman, E., & Master, S. (1997). Modeling the conscious correlates of recognition memory: Reflections on the remember-know paradigm. Memory & Cognition, 25(3), 345-351.
Inoue, C., & Bellezza, F. S. (1998). The detection model of recognition using know and remember judgments. Memory & Cognitionm 26(2), 299-308.
Jacoby, L. L., & Dallas, M. (1981). On the relationship between autobiographical memory and perceptual learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 110(3), 306-340.
Link, S. W. (1975). The relative judgment theory of two choice response time. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 12(1), 114-135.
Macmillan, N. A., & Creelman, C. (1991). Detection theory: A user's guide. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Maddox, W., Bohil, C. J., & Dodd, J. L. (2003). Linear transformations of the payoff matrix and decision criterion learning in perceptual categorization. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 29(6), 1174- 1193.
Mandler, G. (1980). Recognizing: The judgment of previous occurrence. Psychological Review, 87(3), 252-271.
Miller, M. B., & Wolford, G. L. (1999). Theoretical commentary: The role of criterion shift in false memory. Psychological Review, 106(2), 398-405.
Morrell, H. E., Gaitan, S., & Wixted, J. T. (2002). On the nature of the decision axis in signal-detection-based models of recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 28(6), 1095- 1110.
Nosofsky, R. M., & Palmeri, T. J. (1997). An exemplar-based random walk model of speeded classification. Psychological Review, 104(2), 266- 300.
Parks, T. E. (1966). Signal-detectability theory of recognition-memory performance. Psychological Review, 73(1), 44-58.
Ratcliff, R., Sheu, C., & Gronlund, S. D. (1992). Testing global memory models using roc curves. Psychological Review, 99(3), 518-535.
Rotello, C. M., Macmillan, N. A., Reeder, J. A., & Wong, M. (2005). The remember response: Subject to bias, graded, and not a process-pure indicator of recollection. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12(5), 865-873.
Smith, P. L. (1995). Psychophysically principled models of visual simple reaction time. Psychological Review, 102(3), 567-593.
Snodgrass, J. G., & Corwin, J. (1988). Pragmatics of measuring recognition memory: Applications to dementia and amnesia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117(1), 34-50.
Strack, F., & Foerster, J. (1995). Reporting recollective experiences: Direct access to memory systems? Psychological Science, 6(6), 352-358.
Stretch, V., & Wixted, J. T. (1998). On the difference between strength-based and frequency-based mirror effects in recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 24(6), 1379- 1396.
Tulving, E. (1985). Memory and consciousness. Canadian Psychology, 26(1), 1-12.
Usher, M., & McClelland, J. L. (2001). The time course of perceptual choice: The leaky, competing accumulator model. Psychological Review, 108(3), 550-592.
Van Zandt, T. (2000). Roc curves and confidence judgments in recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26(3), 582-600.
Verde, M. F., & Rotello, C. M. (2007). Memory strength and the decision process in recognition memory. Memory & Cognition.
Verfaellie, M., Giovanello, K. S., & Keane, M. M. (2001). Recognition memory in amnesia: Effects of relaxing response criteria. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 1(1), 3-9.
Yonelinas, A. P. (1994). Receiver-operating characteristics in recognition memory: Evidence for a dual-process model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 20(6), 1341-1354.
Yonelinas, A. P. (1997). Recognition memory rocs for item and associative information: The contribution of recollection and familiarity. Memory & Cognition, 25(6), 747-763.
Yonelinas, A. P. (1999). Recognition memory rocs and the dual-process signal-detection model: Comment on glanzer, kim, hilford, and adams (1999). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 25(2), 514-521.
Yonelinas, A. P. (2001a). Components of episodic memory: The contribution of recollection and familiarity. The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B, 356(1413), 1363-1374.
Yonelinas, A. P. (2001b). Consciousness, control, and confidence: The 3 cs of recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130(3), 361-379.
Yonelinas, A. P. (2002). The nature of recollection and familiarity: A review of 30 years of research. Journal of Memory & Language, 46(3), 441-517.
Yonelinas, A. P., & Jacoby, L. L. (1995). Dissociating automatic and controlled processes in a memory-search task: Beyond implicit memory. Psychological Research, 57(3-4), 156- 165.
Yonelinas, A. P., Otten, L. J., Shaw, K. N., & Rugg, M. D. (2005). Separating the brain regions involved in recollection and familiarity in recognition memory. Journal of Neuroscience, 25(11), 3002-3008.
Zaragoza, M. S., Payment, K. E., Ackil, J. K., Drivdahl, S. B., & Beck, M. (2001). Interviewing witnesses: Forced confabulation and confirmatory feedback increase false memories. Psychological Science, 12(6), 473-477.