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ISSN : 1226-9654

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Vol.21 No.2

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Perceiving the Time to Contact of Rotating Non-Spherical Objects

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2009, v.21 no.2, pp.73-90
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2009.21.2.002

(2009). Perceiving the Time to Contact of Rotating Non-Spherical Objects. The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, 21(2), 73-90, https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2009.21.2.002

Abstract

Are human observers incapable of estimating the time-to-contact (TTC) of a tumbling rugby ball while watching it with a single eye, as Gray and Regan (2000) contend? Everyday experiences suggest otherwise. In Gray and Regan’s study, the oval object rotated only 90 deg so that, for a given trial, its projected shape changed either from circle to ellipse or from ellipse to circle depending on the initial orientation of the object. Thus, despite the fact that an infinite variety of optical patterns can be engendered by rotating non-spherical objects, only two types of deformation were depicted in Gray and Regan’s study. For that reason, additional studies are clearly warranted. The present study was conducted directed at perceptual capacity for estimating the TTC of rotating non-spherical objects. Two different response measures, a relative (Experiment 1) and an absolute (Experiment 2) judgment task, in conjunction with three types of objects, a sphere, a rugby ball shaped object, and a disk shaped object, were employed for this purpose. The objects were depicted as texture-mapped images. Even with the surface texture of the objects, the texture elements projected to the observation point were displaced or even disappeared and were replaced by the texture elements hidden behind due to rotation. Nevertheless, performance was accurate across all conditions of object type. That is to say, participants were as accurate in judging TTC of the two non-spherical objects as they were with the spherical object. Moreover, the effects of velocity and size were also observed, consistent with similar effects reported in other TTC studies. Taken together, the results contradicted Gray and Regan's contention and demonstrated that the human visual system is capable of perceiving TTC of rotating non-spherical objects using information extracted from the surface texture of the objects.

keywords
time-to-contact, local tau, non-spherical objects, surface texture, time-to-contact, local tau, non-spherical objects, surface texture, 접촉시간지각, local tau, 비원형물체, 결 조직

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