- 권한신청
- P-ISSN1226-9654
- E-ISSN2733-466X
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항유해 작용과 관련된 편도체의 신경회로 개관: 아편계와 카나비노이드계의 작용 원리에 관하여
Review on Amygdala Neural Circuitry of Antinociception: On Actions of Opioids and Endocannabinoids
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초록
스트레스 환경에 직면하는 유기체는 흔히 통각에 대한 민감성의 감소를 포함하여 여러 양상의 공포반응을 나타낸다. 항유해 작용을 담당하는 주요 뇌 부위는 중뇌수도주변회백질, 연수 및 편도체를 포함하는, 이른 바, 편도체-뇌간 회로이다. 부적 정서와 관련된 정보를 처리하는 편도체 내의 항유해 작용 메카니즘과 관련하여, 선행 리뷰에서 본저자는 주로 아편계를 바탕으로 하는 신경회로를 중심으로 논의를 전개하였다. 하지만, 최근의 많은 연구 자료들은 유기체가 위협적인 환경에 노출될 때 편도체를 포함한 항유해계에서 내인성 카나비노이드도 분비되어 통각을 감소시키는 데에 중요함을 강조하고 있다. 이에, 현행의 리뷰는 이런 최근의 경향을 반영하여 더 포괄적인 설명력을 가진 신경 모델을 제시하기 위하여 진행되었다. 본리뷰의 주요 내용은, 먼저, 편도체의 항유해 작용과 관련하여, 중심핵(CeA) 내의 투사뉴런의 활성화가 항유해 효과의 발생에 결정적인데, 이 뉴런의 활동성은 기저외측핵군(BLA)으로부터 주어지는 억제성 입력과 흥분성 입력 간의 신경통합에 의해 결정된다는 것이다. 또한, 억제성 입력에 대한 조절은 BLA에서 분비되는 아편물질이, 그리고 흥분성 입력에 대한 조절은 BLA에서 분비되는 카나비노이드가 담당한다고 보고 있다. 새로 제안된 신경모델은 편도체의 항유해 작용과 관련하여 아편물질과 카나비노이드가 보이는 기능적 유사성과, 양자 간의 상승작용 및 상호작용 등을 포괄하여 설명할 수 있는 틀을 제공한다.
- keywords
- antinociception, pain control, amygdala, (endo)cannabinoid, opioid, neural circuitry, 항유해 작용, 통각 조절, 편도체, 카나비노이드, 아편물질, 신경회로
Abstract
Organisms encountering a threatening environment often express various fear responses including antinociception, or hypoalgesia. Main brian structures or regions responsible for antinociception are the PAG, the RVM and the amygdala that primarily compose the amygdala-brain stem circuitry. Regarding antinociceptive mechanisms of the amygdala that is important for processing negative emotional information, the author has previously suggested a potent neural model mainly focusing on actions by opioid systems. On the other hand, a considerable amount of recent empirical data have shown important contributions of endocannabinoids released in the antinociceptive system including the amygdala to controlling pain in organisms facing environmental stressors. Hence, the present review was processed to reflect this trend of neuropsychology and present a more comprehensive neural model. Important points of the present discussions are as follows. First, activation of neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) that project to the brain stem is the critical factor for producing antinociception from the amygdala, and the activity of the CeA cells is determined by a neural integration between inhibitory and excitatory inputs given from the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA). Second, these inhibitory and excitatory inputs are currently suggested to be regulated by opioids and endocannabinoids that are both released in the BLA under stress, respectively. Third, the present new neural model of amygdala antinociceptive actions gives comprehensive accounts for a variety of characteristics shared by opioids and endocannabinoids, such as functional similarities, synergistic actions and interactions.
- keywords
- antinociception, pain control, amygdala, (endo)cannabinoid, opioid, neural circuitry, 항유해 작용, 통각 조절, 편도체, 카나비노이드, 아편물질, 신경회로
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