바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

ISSN : 1226-9654

Article Contents

Prev Next
e-Submission

Vol.22 No.4
Citation Share

The Effect of Four-dot and Pattern-backward Masking on Target Identification in Feature-absent Search

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2010, v.22 no.4, pp.477-494
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2010.22.4.003

(2010). The Effect of Four-dot and Pattern-backward Masking on Target Identification in Feature-absent Search. The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, 22(4), 477-494, https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2010.22.4.003
  • Downloaded
  • Viewed
PDF Download

Abstract

When two stimuli are briefly displayed in sequence at a location in the visual field, backward masking, in which identification of the preceeding stimulus is hindered by a subsequent mask stimulus, is induced. This study aimed to test the object-substitution hypothesis (Enns & Di Lollo, 1997, 2000) recently proposed for the mechanism of backward masking by observing the effect of four-dot and pattern-backward masking on target identification in a feature-absent search. Experiment 1 and 2 combined feature-absent search in which a target without a Vernier offset is searched after and multiple-masking paradigms to prevent immediate attention to a salient mask, and thus minimized target recognition errors by spatially focused attention onto a subsequent pop-out mask. The drop of target identification accuracy by increasing number of displayed items (setsize effect) was more evident as a mask-offset delay increases under the four-dot masking and as a mask-onset delay decreases under the pattern-backward masking respectively. The results indicate that both visual masking may occur due to object-substitution during a perceptual processing stage rather than a post-perceptual attentive or than a sensory interaction stage.

keywords
backward masking, object-substitution hypothesis, feature-absent search, four-dot mask, attention, 역행 차폐, 객체-대체 가설, 세부특징부재 탐색, 네-점 차폐, 주의

Reference

1.

현주석 (2008). 차폐 자극이 시각 작업 기억 비교 과정에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 실험, 20(3), 167‐178.

2.

Breitmeyer, B. (1984). Visual Masking: An Integrative Approach. New York: Oxford University Press.

3.

Breitmeyer, B., May, J. G., & Heller, S. S. (1991). Metacontrast reveals asymmetries at red‐green isoluminance. JOSA, 8(8), 1324‐1329.

4.

Breitmeyer, B., & Ogmen, H. (2000). Recent models and findings in visual backward masking: A comparison, reivew, and update. Perception & Psychophysics, 62(8), 1572-1595.

5.

Coltheart, M. (1980a). Iconic memory and visible persistence. Perception and Psychophysics, 27, 183-228.

6.

Coltheart, M. (1980b). The persistence of vision. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B(290), 57-69.

7.

Di Lollo, V. (1980). Temporal integration in visual memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 109, 75-97.

8.

Di Lollo, V., & Dixon, P. (1988). Two forms of persistence in visual information processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 14(4), 671-681.

9.

Di Lollo, V., Enns, J. T., & Rensink, R. A. (2000). Competition for consciousness among visual events: the psychophyics of reentrant visual processes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129(4), 481-507.

10.

Di Lollo, V., Enns, J. T., & Rensink, R. A. (2002). Object substitution without reentry? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 131(4), 594-596.

11.

Enns, J. T. (2004). Object substitution and its relation to other forms of visual masking. Vision Research, 44(12), 1321-1331.

12.

Enns, J. T., & Di Lollo, V. (1997). Object substitution: A new form of masking in unattended visual locations. Psychological Science, 8, 135-139.

13.

Enns, J. T., & Di Lollo, V. (2000). What's new in visual masking. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 345-351.

14.

Francis, G., & Cho, Y. S. (2007). Testing models of object substitution with backward masking. Perception & Psychophysics, 69(2), 263-275.

15.

Giesbrecht, B., Bischof, W. F., & Kingstone, A. (2003). Visual masking during the attentional blink: Tests of the object substitution hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 29, 238-255.

16.

Giesbrecht, B. L., & Di Lollo, V. (1998). Beyond the attentional blink: Visual masking by object substitution. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 1454-1466.

17.

Jonides, J., & Yantis, S. (1988). Uniqueness of abrupt visual onset in capturing attention. Perception and Psychophysics, 43, 346-354.

18.

Lleras, A., & Moore, C. M. (2003). When the target becomes the mask: Using apparent motion to isolate the object-level component of object-substitution masking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 29, 106-120.

19.

Loftus, G. R., & Masson, M. E. J. (1994). Using confidence intervals in within-subject designs. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1(4), 476-490.

20.

Luck, S. J., & Hillyard, S. A. (1994). Spatial filtering during visual search: Evidence from human electrophysiology. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 20, 1000‐1014.

21.

Luck, S. J., & Hillyard, S. A. (1995). The role of attention in feature detection and conjunction discrimination: An electrophysiological analysis. International Journal of Neuroscience, 80, 281-297.

22.

Neill, W. T., Hutchison, K. A., & Graves, D. F. (2002). Masking by object substitution: Dissociation of masking and cuing effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28(3), 682-694.

23.

Posner, M. I., Snyder, C. R. R., & Davidson, B. J. (1980). Attention and the detection of signals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 109, 160‐174.

24.

Sperling, G. (1960). The information available in brief visual presentations. Psychological Monographs, 74, (Whole No. 498).

25.

Treisman, A. (1986). Features and objects in visual processing. Scientific American, 255(5), 114B-125.

26.

Treisman, A. (1988). Features and objects: The fourteenth Bartlett memorial lecture. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 40, 201-237.

27.

Treisman, A., & Souther, J. (1985). Search asymmetry: A diagnostic for preattentive processing of separable features. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 114, 285-310.

28.

Vogel, E. K., Woodman, G. F., & Luck, S. J. (2006). The time course of consolidation in visual working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32(6), 1436-1451.

29.

Woodman, G. F., & Luck, S. J. (2003). Dissociations among attention, perception, and awareness during object‐substitution masking. Psychological Science, 14, 605-111.

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology

e-Submission OA Policy