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스트레스와 해마: 뇌신경 기제의 시스템 분석

Neurocognitive effects of stress on the hippocampus: a systems level analysis

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2012, v.24 no.1, pp.65-88
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2012.24.1.004
김은주 (University of Washington)
김진석 (University of Washington)
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초록

현대인은 일상생활 속에서 끊임없이 스트레스에 노출되어 살아가고 있다. 적절한 스트레스 반응은 인간이 변화하는 환경에 대처하고 자기 자신을 보존할 수 있도록 프로그램 된 적응적 내부기제이지만, 통제 불가능한 스트레스는 유기체의 행동양상과 인지적 과정에 손상을 가져오며, 불안장애와 같은 여러 가지 정신질환을 일으킨다. 특히, 많은 연구들이 밝혀왔듯이, 통제할 수 없는 스트레스는 대뇌 측두엽의 구조물인 해마의 기능과 인지적 능력의 손상을 야기한다. 본 논문에서는 스트레스 시 작용하는 3가지 심리학적 구성개념(흥분성/각성, 혐오감, 통제력의 부재)과 이러한 각각의 요인을 관장하는 신경생물학적 기질(스트레스 호르몬, 편도체, 전전두피질)을 기초로 하는 시스템 수준의 스트레스 모델에 대하여 조명할 것이다. 또한, 이 모델을 토대로 하여, 스트레스가 해마에 미치는 영향, 특히 공간기억과 장소세포에 미치는 영향에 대한 우리의 이해를 체계화하고 증진시킬 수 있는 개념적 기반에 대하여 논의할 것이다.

keywords
stress, hippocampus, glucocorticoids, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, spatial memory, place cells, 스트레스, 해마, glucocorticoids, 편도체, 전전두피질, 공간기억, 장소세포

Abstract

In modern and hectic society, we constantly encounter stressful events in daily life. Although stress response serves a fundamental, protective role in our lives, uncontrollable stress has been shown to cause behavioral and cognitive impairments that can contribute to various psychiatric conditions such as anxiety disorders. In particular, considerable evidence indicates that uncontrollable stress has detrimental effects on the hippocampus, a medial temporal lobe structure crucial for memory. This review will highlight a systems-level model of stress based on three psychological constructs (excitability, aversiveness, and uncontrollability) and underlying biological substrates (stress hormones, amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex), and how it may provide a conceptual scaffold to structure and further our understanding of stress effects on the hippocampus, namely by focusing on spatial memory and place cells.

keywords
stress, hippocampus, glucocorticoids, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, spatial memory, place cells, 스트레스, 해마, glucocorticoids, 편도체, 전전두피질, 공간기억, 장소세포

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