- P-ISSN1226-9654
- E-ISSN2733-466X
- KCI
기억 동조 현상을 유발하는 규범적, 정보적 원인과 조절변인
Normative and Informational Influences on Memory Conformity
한상훈 (연세대학교)
초록
오랫동안 기억은 단일한 개인의 인지 기제로서 연구되어 왔다. 그러나 최근 기억 연구 분야에서는 인지적 정보처리 과정 외에 사회성이라는 요소가 일화 기억에 미치는 영향에 대한 논의가 급증하였다. 특히, 다른 사람과의 대화를 통해 전달받은 새로운 정보를 마치 자신이 원래 알고 있던 것처럼 기억하는 것은 일상적으로도 흔한 사례인데, 이와 같이 기억 인출 단계에서 타인과의 상호작용 이후 자신이 기억하던 내용 대신 타인이 기억하는 내용을 인출하는 현상을 기억 동조라고 한다. 본 개관 논문에서는 2000년대 이후에 본격적인 연구가 진행되고 있는 기억 동조 효과에 대한 선행 연구들을 개관하고 기억 동조의 원인과 조절변인에 대해 논의하였다. 기억 동조의 원인을 아우르는 두 가지 차원은 규범적, 정보적 영향 요인을 들 수 있는데, 규범적 차원의 기억 동조는 소속감, 인정 욕구에 기반한 사회적 강화 기제에 의해 나타나며, 정보적 차원의 기억 동조는 정확한 기억 인출에 대한 동기에 의해 발생한다. 이러한 기억 동조의 각 경로에 작용하여 동조 효과를 조절하는 다양한 변인들에 대한 경험적 연구들을 분류하고, 관련된 신경과학 연구들 또한 소개한다. 기억 동조의 원인과 그 연관 개념들에 대한 이해를 토대로 관련된 다양한 심리, 신경 기제들을 구체적으로 밝혀내는 것이 앞으로의 주요한 과제이다.
- keywords
- Memory Conformity, Social Interaction, Normative Influence, Informational Influence, Neural Mechanism, 기억 동조, 사회적 상호작용, 규범적 경로, 정보적 경로, 신경 기제
Abstract
Remembering has been a traditional topic of cognitive research since the foundation of psychology, but it was only over few decades that social aspects of episodic memory have taken an increasing amount of interest. Social aspects of memory can be easily observed in everyday events of remembering, as people often have their memories influenced and updated while interacting with others. We focus on this normative and informational conforming processes of memory, so called memory conformity, introducing previous studies about memory conformity in social settings. Normative influence is caused by social reinforcement learning while informational influence is triggered by urge of achieving high memory accuracy. In our review, moderators of memory conformity are discussed as well as individual differences which can affect the two conforming processes. Noticeable neuroscience experiments of memory conformity researches are also discussed. This review will provide an overall insight into how social interaction can alter memories and on delineating the various psychological and neural underpinnings of memory conformity.
- keywords
- Memory Conformity, Social Interaction, Normative Influence, Informational Influence, Neural Mechanism, 기억 동조, 사회적 상호작용, 규범적 경로, 정보적 경로, 신경 기제
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