과제 전환(task switching)을 이용한 인지적 통제에 관한 최근 연구들은 과제에 포함된 정보처리 유형에 따라 관여하는 뇌 영역이 다름을 확인하였다. 그러나 과제 전환에 빈번히 사용된 과제들 중에는 중다 수준의 정보처리 유형이 포함됨에도 불구하고, 이와 관련된 뇌기능에 대해서는 알려진 바가 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 과제 전환에 관한 기존의 뇌영상 연구들에 대한 메타분석을 통해 중다 수준에서의 과제전환에 더 많은 인지적 자원이 요구됨으로 인해 추가적인 뇌 영역의 활성화가 나타나는지 확인하고자 하였다. 총 38개의 연구(1995년~2011년)에서 사용된 433개의 좌표들을 대상으로 활성화 가능성 추정(activation likelihood estimation)방법을 이용하여 메타 분석 하였다. 분석 결과, 중다 수준 과제전환을 수행할 때 좌우 복외측 전전두영역(BA 45), 전대상회(BAs 24, 32) 및 좌측 하두정소엽(BA 40)에서 추가적인 활성화가 관찰되었다. 또한 중다 수준과 단일 수준에 공통적으로 관여하는 영역으로 좌반구의 하전두연접과 후두정피질, 전대상회로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 과제 전환과 관련된 인지적 통제의 뇌 신경망이 정보처리 수준에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 시사한다.
Recent studies on task switching have identified that the brain regions involved in cognitive control are different according to the information processing types included in the task. Task switching paradigms used in previous studies has included two or more information processing levels. However, neural mechanisms underlying multi-dimensional task switching has been unknown. In this study, we performed three meta-analyses to test whether the additional brain regions are involved in multi-dimensional task switching compared to uni-dimensional task switching. From 1995 to 2011, a total of 38 switching studies with 433 activation coordinates were analyzed by using the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) method. The result showed that the bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, and the left inferior parietal lobule were more activated in multi-dimensional switching compared to uni-dimensional switching. An additional conjunction analysis revealed that uni- and multi-dimensional switches commonly recruit the left inferior frontal junction, the posterior parietal cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex. Our results suggest that neural networks of cognitive control associated with task switching could be different according to the information processing levels.
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