Intratrial and Intertrial Conflict Adaptation in the Stroop Comparison Task

갈등 과제(conflict tasks)에서 이전 시행이 불일치 조건일 때 현재 시행의 일치 효과가 줄어드는 현상을 갈등순응이라고 한다(Gratton, Coles, & Donchin, 1992). 본 연구에서는 한 시행 내의 두 갈등의 처리에서 갈등순응이 일어나는지, 그리고 시행 내의 갈등 양상이 다음 시행에도 영향을 주는지를 알아보았다. 참가자들은 시행 내의 두 개의 스트룹 자극 중 하나의 의미 정보와 다른 하나의 잉크색 정보가 같은지 다른지를 판단하는 스트룹 비교과제를 수행하였다. 실험 1에서는 과제 관련 정보가 상이한 두 스트룹 자극을 시행 내에서 순차적으로 제시하고, 첫 번째 자극의 일치 여부에 따른 두 번째 자극에 의한 일치 효과를 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 첫 번째 스트룹 자극이 불일치 조건일 때 두 번째 스트룹 자극의 일치 효과가 감소하는 갈등순응이 나타났다. 실험 2에서는 두 개의 스트룹 자극을 동시에 제시하는 스트룹 비교과제를 실시하고 시행 간의 갈등순응을 관찰하였다. 시행 내의 두 스트룹 자극에 의한 갈등 양상은 각 자극의 잉크색과 의미의 관계에 따라 일치-일치, 일치-불일치, 불일치-일치, 불일치-불일치 조건 중에 하나에 해당되었다. 실험 결과, 이전 시행과 현재 시행의 갈등 양상이 동일한 경우에 현재 시행에서 반응시간이 감소하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 갈등순응효과가 두 개의 자극을 순차적으로 처리하여 반응해야하는 단일 시행 내에서도 일어나며, 시행 내의 복잡한 갈등 양상이 후속하는 시행의 갈등 순응에도 영향을 주고 있음을 새롭게 밝혔다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

keywords: 갈등순응, 스트룹, 인지 통제, conflict adaptation, Stroop, cognitive control

Abstract

Conflict adaptation refers to a phenomenon in which the congruency effect decreases in an incompatible trial followed by the same incongruent trial in conflict tasks(Gratton & Donchin, 1992). This study measured whether conflict adaptation occurs upon the process of two conflicting stimuli within a trial, and whether a certain pattern of conflicts within a trial affects the performance in the next trial. The participants performed a Stroop comparison task, whrere they compared the meaning of one of the two presented Stroop words with the color of the other word. In Experiment 1, two Stroop words with distinctive task-relevant information were presented in sequence. The congruency effects of the second stimulus were analyzed as contingent on congruency of the previous stimuli. The results showed that the conflict adaptation effects which the second Stroop stimuli yielded reduced the congruency effect when the first Stroop word was incongruent. In Experiment 2, conflict adaptation between trials was observed when two Stroop words were shown simultaneously. The pattern of conflicts within a trial was one of four conditions determined by the relation with each stimulus’ congruency; congruent-congruent, congruent- incongruent, incongruent-congruent, and incongruent-incongruent. The results showed that the RT on current trials decreased when the pattern of conflicts in the current trial was identical to the previous trial. The complex pattern of conflicts generated by the previous trial affected the performance for the next trial. In conclusion, this study newly found the conflict adaptation within a single trial, which was sequentially processed and responded to two stimuli, and the effects of the complex pattern of the conflicts within a trial on the conflict adaptation in the following trial.

keywords: 갈등순응, 스트룹, 인지 통제, conflict adaptation, Stroop, cognitive control

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논문 상세

Vol.28 No.1

스트룹 비교과제에서 시행 내 및 시행 간 갈등순응

Intratrial and Intertrial Conflict Adaptation in the Stroop Comparison Task

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물