The effects of the presentation duration, presentation number, and face internal and external feature on Flashed Face Distortion Effect

순간제시 얼굴의 왜곡 현상(Flashed Face Distortion Effect; FFD 현상)이란 연속해서 얼굴 자극들이 주변시에 순간적으로 제시되었을 때 그 얼굴의 특징들이 심하게 부각되어 보이거나 심지어 괴물처럼 보이는 착시이다. FFD 현상은 발견된 이래로 많은 관심을 받아왔으나 이 착시에서 얼굴이 지각되는 일반적인 양상이나 이 착시의 발생 원인을 실험적으로 검증한 연구는 거의 없다. 본 연구에서는 FFD 현상이 나타나기 위한 기본적인 조건과 발생 기제를 살펴보기 위해 세 개의 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 1에서는 얼굴 자극의 제시 개수와 제시 시간 그리고 총 제시시간이 FFD 현상에 미치는 효과를 살펴보았다. 실험 2에서는 반복 제시와 얼굴들의 구성요소 간 간격의 차이가 FFD 현상에 미치는 효과를 살펴보았다. 실험 3에서는 얼굴 구성요소의 위치 변화, 세부특징 모양 변화, 그리고 윤곽의 동일 여부에 따른 착시의 변화를 살펴보았다. 실험 결과 FFD 현상에 대한 제시 개수와 제시 시간의 영향은 자극의 총 제시시간에 따라 변화하였다. 반면 구성요소 간 간격과 반복 제시는 착시에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 얼굴의 외부 윤곽이 동일하다면 구성요소들의 간격이 좁을 때가 구성요소들의 간격이 넓을 때보다 착시가 더 강하게 지각되었다. 이러한 결과들은 FFD 현상의 발생 기제가 밀집 효과(crowding effect)와 관련이 있을 가능성을 시사한다.

keywords: 순간제시 얼굴의 왜곡 현상, 얼굴 구성요소, 제시 시간, 윤곽, 착시, Flashed Face Distortion Effect, internal feature, presentation duration, external feature, illusion

Abstract

The Flashed Face Distortion Effect (FFDE) refers to the face images look grotesque and distorted when they are presented quickly and continuously in the periphery of visual field (Tangen, Murphy, & Thompson, 2011). While Tangen et al. (2011) suggested that the relative encoding of facial components is responsible for the FFDE, this was not empirically tested. To test this, we conducted three experiments to investigate the conditions evoking FFDE. In Experiment 1, we investigated the effect of presentation duration, presentation number, and total time on the FFDE. In Experiment 2, we examined the effects of the spatial distance among internal features and repeated presentation on FFDE. In Experiment 3, we investigated the effects of change of the spatial distance among internal feature, the change of the shape of internal features, and whether the external features on FFDE are the same or different. The results showed that the effects of presentation duration and number were affected by the total time. The spatial distance among internal features and repeated presentation did not affect the illusion, However, we found the illusion was stronger in the condition that the spatial distance among internal features was smaller than the condition that the spatial distance among internal features was lager when the external feature was same. These findings suggest that the FFDE is connected with crowding effect rather than relative encoding among faces.

keywords: 순간제시 얼굴의 왜곡 현상, 얼굴 구성요소, 제시 시간, 윤곽, 착시, Flashed Face Distortion Effect, internal feature, presentation duration, external feature, illusion

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논문 상세

Vol.28 No.1

순간제시 얼굴의 왜곡 현상에 대한제시 시간, 제시 개수, 얼굴 구성요소와 윤곽의 영향

The effects of the presentation duration, presentation number, and face internal and external feature on Flashed Face Distortion Effect

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물