ISSN : 1226-9654
본 연구의 목적은 과제에 부과된 부담(스트레스)의 종류에 따른 과제 수행의 차이와 그 기저에 있는 인지신경학적 특성을 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 과제에 부과된 부담을 인지적인 스트레스와 정서적 스트레스로 구분하고 이러한 요소들이 과제수행에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 본 연구에서 참가자들은 제시되는 수식을 보고 수식의 참과 거짓 여부를 판단하는 과제를 수행하였다. 과제 수행 시에 유발되는 인지적 스트레스는 과제 난이도 조작을 통해, 정서적 스트레스는 과제 수행 시 타이머의 유/무와 수행의 자기 조절 가능성 여부의 조작을 통해 유발하였다. 행동 실험 결과 난이도가 높은 문제의 경우에는 정서적 스트레스가 과제 수행에 부정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 하지만 난이도가 낮은 문제의 경우에는 정서적 스트레스가 과제 수행에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 추가적으로 ERP를 사용하여 과제에 부과된 부담에 따른 차이를 실시간으로 살펴본 결과 정서적 스트레스에 따른 차이는 P1,P2,N400 시간대에 좌반구 후두에서 나타났으며, 인지적 스트레스에 따른 차이는 N400시간대에 우반구 전측과 중앙영역에서 두드러지게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 스트레스가 인지적 스트레스와 정서적 스트레스와 구분될 수 있는 복합적인 개념이라는 것을 실험적으로 확인해주며 인지와 정서가 상호작용한다는 것을 시사한다.
The purpose of this study was to examine the difference of performance depending on the type of stress imposed on the task. To do so, we divided the stress imposed on the task into cognitive stress and emotional stress and investigated the impact of these stresses on the performance of cognitive task. Participants were asked to solve arithmetic problems. The cognitive stress was aroused by manipulating task difficulty, and the emotional stress was aroused by manipulating the existence of timer and the possibility of self-paced task performance. The results of behavioral experiment showed that emotional stress has negative impact on solving cognitively more demanding problems, but the emotional stress has positive affect on solving less demanding problems. The results of the ERP study showed such that the effect of emotional stress is observed in P1, P2, N400 (left occipital lobe) and the effect of cognitive stress is observed in N400 (right anterior and central lobe). Interestingly, the interaction between emotional processing and cognitive processing was observed in P2 and N400 components. These findings provide experimental evidence that psychological stress is an umbrella concept including two distinct cognitive and emotional stresses and suggest that emotional processing and cognitive processing interact with each other.
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