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ISSN : 1226-9654

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Vol.28 No.3

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표적에 대한 기억 부담이 시각탐색의 초점주의 집중에 미치는 영향

The Effect of Target Memory Load on Attentional Focusing in Visual Search

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2016, v.28 no.3, pp.563-584
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2016.28.3.009
김혜윤 (중앙대학교)
현주석 (중앙대학교)
김혜윤, & 현주석. (2016). 표적에 대한 기억 부담이 시각탐색의 초점주의 집중에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물, 28(3), 563-584, https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2016.28.3.009

초록

시각탐색 표적에 대한 기억 부담이 탐색 수행에 미치는 영향력을 살펴본 연구는 그다지 흔치 않다. 본 연구는 시각탐색 과정에서 초점주의 집중을 반영하는 사건관련전위인 P3 성분을 측정해 표적에 대한 항목 단위 혹은 세부특징 단위의 시각작업기억 부담이 탐색 수행에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 이를 위해 참가자는 표적 단서에 해당되는 두 개의 색상방위막대를 기억하고 뒤이어 출현한 네 색상 막대로 구성된 탐색 화면 내에서 표적의 유무를 판단해 보고하였다. 두 표적 단서막대는 색상 혹은 방위가 서로 동일하거나 달랐으므로 항목개수 차원의 표적에 대한 기억 부담은 하나 혹은 두 항목이었으나 세부특징개수 차원의 기억부담은 하나에서 네 세부특징까지 증감한 것으로 간주되었다. 측정된 P3 성분을 항목 및 세부특징 차원의 기억부담 증감 여부에 걸쳐 비교한 결과 항목 개수 차원의 기억 부담 증가에 따른 진폭 증가만이 확인되었으며 세부특징 개수 차원의 기억 부담 증가에 따른 진폭 증가는 분명하지 않았다. 이는 탐색표적에 대한 기억 부담 증가는 탐색 과정에서 요구되는 초점 주의 집중을 방해하며 이 때 탐색 수행을 방해하는 기억부담의 정도는 표적들의 개별 세부특징이 아닌 항목 개수 단위를 토대로 증감할 가능성을 시사한다.

keywords
시각탐색, 초점주의, P3, 시각작업기억, 기억부담, Visual search, focused attention, P3, Visual working memory(VWM), Memory load

Abstract

Few studies have examined the influence of target memory load on focusing attention during visual search. The present study examined the effect of VWM load imposed according either to the number of potential target items or to the number of their features by measuring P3 component supposedly reflecting the intensity of focused attention during visual search. In each trial, participants reported presence or absence of a target on a search array after memorizing two colored orientation bars that were provided as target-informative cues ahead of the search array. Across the trials, either the orientations or the colors of the bars, or both were manipulated to be the same or different, and thus the memory load from the target-informative cues in each trial was assumed to increase from one to two items according to the number of cue items whereas one to four features according to the total number of features on the cue items. When compared between these two alternative assumptions, the increase in P3 amplitude was better explained according to the item-load than the feature-load assumption. The results indicate that increasing memory load for potential search targets can impair focusing of attention during visual search where the degree of memory load varies according to the number of potential target items rather than the total number of features in the targets.

keywords
시각탐색, 초점주의, P3, 시각작업기억, 기억부담, Visual search, focused attention, P3, Visual working memory(VWM), Memory load

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