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ISSN : 1226-9654

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Vol.31 No.4

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PDF Citation Developmental Changes of Top-down Attentional Modulation in Saliency Model
; pp.265-273 https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2019.31.4.001
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Abstract

To investigate developmental changes of top-down attentional modulation in visual saliency, the current study examined infants' eye-movements with three models: (1) the equal weight model in which all weights of low-level features are assumed to be equal, (2) the unequal weight model in which feature weights were assumed to unequal, and (3) the unequal weight model with face weight in which an additional weight was assumed for face stimuli, as well as unequal weights between low-level features. These models were fitted to 4-, 6-, and 8-month-old infants' first fixation data to estimate a set of feature weights which can best explain the data. The results showed the unequal weight model and the unequal weight model with face weight predicted infants' eye-movements more accurately than the equal weight model. Also, 6- and 8-month-old infants' eye-movements were significantly better explained by the unequal weight model with face weight than by the unequal weight model. These results suggest that low-level features contribute to the visual system with different weights and that face stimuli attract more attention as infants grow up. Our findings also highlight the importance of adjusting feature weights in studies of visual and attentional development.

PDF Citation The Effects of Self-Oriented Perfectionism and Neuroticism on Error Processing: an ERP study
; pp.275-291 https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2019.31.4.002
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Abstract

To investigate the effect of self-oriented perfectionism and neuroticism on error processing, we examined the ERN(Error-related negativity) and Pe(Error positivity). Participants were pre-screened to be either high or low scorers on SOP(self-oriented perfectionism) scale and neuroticism scale: high-SOP with high-Neuroticism, low-SOP with high-Neuroticism, high-SOP with low-Neuroticism, low-SOP with low-Neuroticism. When participants performed the Eriksen flanker task, EEG was recorded and analyzed for correct and error responses. Behavioral data showed that error responses were faster than correct responses, and low-Neuroticism participants were faster than high-Neuroticism participants. Analysis of peak amplitudes of ERN and CRN(Correct response negativity) showed that ERN had enhanced negative deflections relative to CRN, and high-SOP participants had enhanced negative deflections on ERN relative to low-SOP participants, but no effect of neuroticism was found. Analysis of peak amplitudes of Pe and Pc(Correct response positivity) showed that Pe had enhanced positive deflections relative to Pc, and no effect of perfectionism was found. But, among low-SOP participants, high-Neuroticism participants had attenuated positive deflections on Pe relative to low-Neuroticism participants. Also, the analysis of amplitude difference between peak amplitudes of error response and those of correct response is in line with the analysis of peak amplitudes. Thus, we found perfectionism effect on ERN which was not modulated by neuroticism, and found neuroticism effect on Pe which was modulated by perfectionism. These results suggest that, at the early stage of error processing, ERN is affected by self-oriented perfectionism, so enhanced negative deflections of ERN could be elicited by exacting standards for oneself and a salient motivation for attaining perfection. Whereas, at the later stage of error awareness, Pe is affected by neuroticism, so decreased positive deflections of Pe could be elicited by negative emotion and attention-control difficulties. But the effect of neuroticism on Pe could be eliminated by high level of self-oriented perfectionism.

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology

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