바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

ISSN : 1226-9654

Article Contents

Prev Next
e-Submission

Vol.32 No.4
Citation Share

The Effects of Spatial Attention on Visual Word Recognition

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2020, v.32 no.4, pp.305-318
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2020.32.4.002


& (2020). The Effects of Spatial Attention on Visual Word Recognition. The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, 32(4), 305-318, https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2020.32.4.002
  • Downloaded
  • Viewed
PDF Download

Abstract

In this study, we examined the effects of spatial attention on visual word recognition. A valid cue was presented at the location where target stimuli would appear (valid trials) and an invalid cue was presented at the location where target stimuli would not appear (invalid trials). As an index of spatial attention, the cuing effect was calculated as the difference in the performance of word recognition between the valid trials and the invalid trials. We investigated whether the cuing effects appeared in visual word recognition tasks, such as naming and lexical decision tasks and whether the magnitude of the cuing effects varies depending on word frequency. As a result, the cuing effects were observed both in the naming and lexical decision tasks, and the magnitude of the effects was similar across the tasks. It indicates that spatial attention affects visual word recognition. The cuing effects were greater in the accuracy of low-frequency words than in those of high-frequency words. That is, the effects of spatial attention were more pronounced in low-frequency words. The results were discussed in terms of the word processing model.

keywords
공간주의, 단어재인, 단어빈도, 단서효과, 한글, spatial attention, word recognition, word frequency, cuing effect, Hangul

Reference

1.

Allen, P. A., Smith, A. F., Lien, M. C., Grabbe, J., &Murphy, M. D. (2005). Evidence for an activation locus of the word-frequency effect in lexical decision. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31(4), 713-721.

2.

Balota, D. A., & Chumbley, J. I. (1984). Are lexical decisions a good measure of lexical access? The role of word-frequency in the neglected decision stage. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10, 340-357.

3.

Balota, D. A., & Chumbley, J. I. (1985). The locus of word-frequency effects in the pronunciation task: Lexical access and/or production? Journal of Memory and Language, 24, 89-106.

4.

Balota, D. A., & Chumbley, J. I. (1990). Where are the effects of frequency in visual word recognition tasks? Right where we said they were! Comment on Monsell, Doyle, and Haggard (1989). Journal of Experimental Psychology:General, 119, 231-237.

5.

Brysbaert, M., Mandera, P., & Keuleers, E. (2018). The word frequency effect in word processing: An updated review. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 27(1), 45-50.

6.

Carrasco, M. (2011). Visual attention. The past 25 years. Vision Research, 51, 1484-1525.

7.

Carrasco, M., Giordano, A. M., & McElree, B. (2006). Attention speeds processing across eccentricity: Feature and conjunction searches. Vision research, 46(13), 2028-2040.

8.

Gweon, H. W., Kim, S. K., & Lee, H. -W. (2006). The relationship between word frequency and semantic priming effects in Hangul word recognition, The Korean Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18(3), 203-220.

9.

LaBerge, D., & Brown, V. (1989). Theory of attentional operations in shape identification. Psychological review, 96, 101-124.

10.

Lachter, J., Forster, K. I., & Ruthruff, E. (2004). Forty-five years after Broadbent(1958): Still no identification without attention. Psychological Review, 111, 880-913.

11.

Lee, H. -W., & Lim, Y. -K. (2005). Word frequency effects in normal and visually-degraded conditions in Hangul word recognition. The Korean Journal of Educational Psychology, 19(3), 821-834.

12.

McCann, R. S., Besner, D., & Davelaar, E. (1988). Word frequency and identification: Do word-frequency effects reflect lexical access? Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance, 14, 692-706.

13.

McCann, R. S., Folk, C. L., & Johnston, J. C. (1992). The role of spatial attention in visual word processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception &Performance, 18, 1015-1029.

14.

McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception, Part I: An account of basic findings. Psychological Review, 88, 375-407.

15.

Monsell, S. (1990). Frequency effects in lexical tasks: Reply to Balota and Chumbley. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General, 119, 335-339.

16.

Monsell, S. (1991). The nature and locus of word frequency effects in reading. In D. Besner & G. W. Humphreys (Eds.), Basic processes in reading: Visual word recognition (pp. 148-197). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

17.

Monsell, S., Doyle, M. C., & Haggard, P. N. (1989). Effects of frequency on visual word recognition tasks: Where are they?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118(1), 43-71.

18.

Mozer, M. C., & Behrmann, M. (1990). On the interaction of selective attention and lexical knowledge: A connectionist account of neglect dyslexia. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2(2), 96-123.

19.

Murray, W. S., & Forster, K. I. (2004). Serial mechanisms in lexical access: The rank hypothesis. Psychological Review, 111, 721-756.

20.

Norris, D., & Kinoshita, S. (2012). Reading through a noisy channel: Why there's nothing special about the perception of orthography. Psychological review, 119(3), 517-545.

21.

Posner, M. I. (1980). Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of experimental psychology, 32(1), 3-25.

22.

Rayner, K., Pollatsek, A., Ashby, J., & Clifton Jr., C. (2012). Psychology of reading. Psychology Press.

23.

Reynolds, M., & Besner, D. (2006). Reading aloud is not automatic: processing capacity is required to generate a phonological code from print. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32(6), 1303-1323.

24.

Risko, E. F., Stolz, J. A., & Besner, D. (2011). Basic processes in reading: On the relation between spatial attention and familiarity. Language and Cognitive Processes, 26, 47-62.

25.

Robidoux, S., Rauwerda, D., & Besner, D. (2014). Basic processes in reading aloud and colour naming: Towards a better understanding of the role of spatial attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 67(5), 979-990.

26.

Schilling, H. E., Rayner, K., & Chumbley, J. I. (1998). Comparing naming, lexical decision, and eye fixation times:Word frequency effects and individual differences. Memory & Cognition, 26(6), 1270-1281.

27.

Seidenberg, M. S. (2005). Connectionist models of word reading. Current directions in psychological science, 14(5), 238-242.

28.

Seidenberg, M. S., & McClelland, J. L. (1989). A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming. Psychological review, 96(4), 523-568.

29.

Waechter, S., Besner, D., & Stolz, J. A. (2011). Basic processes in reading: Spatial attention as a necessary preliminary to orthographic and semantic processing. Visual Cognition, 19, 171-202.

30.

Yantis, S., & Jonides, J. (1990). Abrupt visual onsets and selective attention: voluntary versus automatic allocation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human perception and performance, 16(1), 121-134.

31.

Yonsei Institute of Language and Information Studies (1998). The word frequency of comtemporary Korean. Yonsei university. CLID-WP-98-02-28.

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology

e-Submission OA Policy