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ISSN : 1226-9654
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Corticotropin Releasing Factor-Producing Neurons in the Central Amygdala Induces Experience-Dependent Influences on Behavior
Abstract
The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) contains a group of cells that produce a neuropeptide, corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). The literature suggests that CRF in the CeA has a negative effect on behavior, such as increased anxiety and fear. However recent studies reported a conflicting result showing a rewarding effect of CRF. To understand how CRF lead to different behavioral effects, CRF neurons in the CeA were genetically manipulated to express a light-activated cation channel, channelrhodopsin-2, using CRF-cre mice. When the animals were initially tested to press a lever for light delivery in an operant conditioning (OP) and to visit one of two compartment for light presentation in a real-time place preference task (RTPP), CRF activation did not alter animals’ behavior at all. Stimulation of CRF neurons also failed to change animals’ anxiety levels compared to their control group in an elevated plus maze (EPM). After experiencing a lever press for food rewards for 5 days, however, CRF activation in the same mice induced rewarding effects in both OP and RTPP. Using a different set of mice, it was also examined whether CRF activation after forming fear memory resulted in negative effects on behavior. Indeed, CRF activation did not produce any effects before fear conditioning, but the same manipulation significantly elevated anxiety levels in EPM and induced aversive effects in RTPP after fear conditioning. These results demonstrate that CRF neurons can exert either positive or negative impacts on behavior depending on prior experiences.
- keywords
- central amygdala, corticotropin releasing factor, operant conditioning, fear conditioning, 편도체, 부신피질 방출인자, 강화학습, 공포학습, 불안
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