ISSN : 1226-9654
주변단서와 중심단서를 사용한 전통적인 공간주의 과제에서 집행적 작업기억의 정보 조작(manipulation) 과정이 외인성 및 내인성 주의에 미치는 영향을 3개의 실험을 통하여 알아보았다. 모든 실험에서 정보의 조작이 필요한 작업기억 과제로서 역행 숫자 빼기 과제를 사용하였으며, 외인성 및 내인성 주의의 조작은 공간단서 패러다임을 사용하여 주변단서의 예언가(predictability)를 조작하거나 혹은 중심단서를 사용하였다. 실험 1에서는 역행 숫자 빼기 과제를 하는 동안 예언가가 없는 주변 단서 효과를 관찰하였고, 실험 2에서는 주변 단서가 표적의 위치에 나타날 확률을 증가시켜 역행 숫자 빼기 과제를 하는 동안 주변 단서 효과를 측정하였으며, 실험 3에서는 역행 숫자 빼기 과제를 하는 동안 예언가가 높은 중심 단서 효과를 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 실험 1에서 단서가 표적의 위치를 잘 예측하지 못할 때 작업기억의 집행기능의 부하는 주변 단서 효과에 부적 영향을 미치지만 실험 2와 3에서와 같이 주변 단서나 중심 단서가 표적의 위치를 잘 예측할 때는 작업기억의 집행기능의 부하가 단서 효과에 거의 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이러한 실험 결과는 작업기억의 요소 중에 정보의 조작과 같은 집행기능이 내인성 주의와 외인성 주의과정에 차별적인 효과를 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다.
Three experiments were conducted to examine whether and how executive working memory(WM) can influence the allocation of spatial attention in exogenous and endogenous cuing tasks. All the experiments involved executive WM tasks that required counting backward from a randomly selected three-digit number and spatial cuing tasks in which peripheral cues with or without predictability or central cues were presented. The results showed that when the spatial cue did not predict the location of a target, as in Experiment 1, the executive function of working memory reduced the peripheral cueing effect. However, when the spatial cue could predict the location of a target in Experiment 2, the peripheral cueing effect was not affected by the executive function of working memory. Moreover, in Experiment 3 the manipulation process of working memory did not change the central cueing effect. These results suggested that executive functions of WM such as manipulating information might affect exogenous and endogenous attention process differently.
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