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ISSN : 1226-9654

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Vol.22 No.4

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노인에 대한 고정관념과 지시망각의 실패

Age stereotypes and the disruption of directed forgetting

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2010, v.22 no.4, pp.529-547
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2010.22.4.006
신홍임 (연세대학교)
신홍임. (2010). 노인에 대한 고정관념과 지시망각의 실패. 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물, 22(4), 529-547, https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2010.22.4.006

초록

본 연구에서는 노인에 대한 고정관념이 활성화된 상황에서 망각지시를 통해 고정관념과 연관된 단어목록에 대한 기억을 억제할 수 있는지를 살펴보았다. 참가자에게 고정관념과 연관된 글 또는 연관되지 않는 글을 읽도록 하여 고정관념의 활성화를 조작한 후 지시망각절차를 사용하여 고정관념 연관 단어목록과 비연관 단어목록에 대한 회상율을 비교하였다. 또한 이중과제를 제시하여 인지부하가 고정관념 단어목록의 지시망각에 주는 영향을 조사했다. 실험결과에서는 단어목록의 주효과로 인해 고정관념 단어목록에 대한 지시망각의 효과를 세분화하여 볼 수 없었으나, 고정관념 비연관 단어목록에 대해서는 고정관념이 활성화되지 않은 상황에서 기억지시조건에 비해 망각지시조건에서 이득효과가 나타났다. 이 결과는 본 연구에서 노인고정관념을 대상으로 반복검증하고자 한 Macrae 등(1997)의 연구와 일치하였다. 후속연구에서는 고정관념과 지시망각에 대한 더 심층적인 탐색을 통해 지시망각절차에 대한 이해를 돕고, 고정관념의 정보처리과정에서 주체의 의도적인 망각시도가 성공적인 효과를 거두기 위해 필요한 요인들을 파악해야 할 것이다.

keywords
고정관념의 활성화, 지시망각, 인출억제, 단어목록, 이중과제, stereotype activation, directed forgetting, retrieval inhibition, word list, secondary task

Abstract

Can people intentionally control their memories, when they are instructed to suppress irrelevant information? What happens when people have been admonished to forget stereotypical information in a stereotype activated situation? This study examined the effects of directed forgetting of stereotypical information by using the list method. Participants studied stereotypical and nonstereotypical words either with an initially activated social category (elderly people prime) or with no social category (neutral prime). They were then instructed to either forget or remember the studied words. Unfortunately, the results showed word list effects so that stereotypical items were overall better recalled than neutral words, regardless of stereotype activation, instruction of directed forgetting and secondary task. However, partly consistent with Macrae et al. (1997), the directed-forgetting effects were not founded for the stereotypical items, when categorical primes were activated, whereas they were obtained for nonstereotypical information in the neutral condition. Implications of the outcome for stereotype suppression are discussed.

keywords
고정관념의 활성화, 지시망각, 인출억제, 단어목록, 이중과제, stereotype activation, directed forgetting, retrieval inhibition, word list, secondary task

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