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Vol.23 No.3

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The Effects of cognitive styles, stimulus cohesiveness, and instructions on category learning

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2011, v.23 no.3, pp.411-429
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2011.23.3.007

(2011). The Effects of cognitive styles, stimulus cohesiveness, and instructions on category learning. The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, 23(3), 411-429, https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2011.23.3.007

Abstract

This study investigated whether the differences of wholistic processors and analytic processors in information processing strategies had an effect on categorization performances and whether these differences could be overcame by rule instruction. In Experiment 1, the effects of perceptual cohesiveness in categorization performances of wholistic processors and analytic processors were analyzed in detail. Results showed that perceptual cohesiveness didn't make any influence in category judgements of analytic processors. However, wholistic processors categorized highly cohesive exemplars more quickly and accurately than low cohesive exemplars in positive transfer condition, but no differences in negative transfer condition. Experiment 2 inquired whether categorization performances of wholistic processors could be improved by rule instruction in low cohesive condition. It was found that rule instruction improved categorization performances in low cohesive condition, and wholistic processors could categorize exemplars by rule extraction. But, Wholistic processors categorized highly cohesive exemplars inaccurately and slowly in negative transfer condition, which implied that wholistic processors were strongly influenced by similarity conditions in spite of rule instruction. In conclusion, analytic processors tend to learn categories by rule extraction and wholistic processors by memorizing exemplars and comparing similarities between them, bu`t the difference could be diminished by learning strategies such as rule instruction.

keywords
인지양식, 자극 응집성, 지시, 전체처리자, 분석처리자, cognitive style, perceptual cohesiveness, instruction, wholistic processor, analytic processor

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