- P-ISSN1226-9654
- E-ISSN2733-466X
- KCI
신경효율성의 개인차에 관한 고찰: 인지양식과 과제 특성을 중심으로
A Review of Individual Differences in Neural Efficiency Focused on Cognitive Style and Task-Related Features
김초복 (경북대학교)
초록
신경효율성은 최소한의 신경 자원을 활용하여 주어진 정보를 처리하고자 하는 뇌의 특성으로, 많은 연구들에서 서로 다른 형태의 신경효율성을 보고하고 있다. 이러한 신경효율성 발생 패턴에서의 개인차를 지능, 성별, 연령, 인지양식 등의 참가자 변인으로 설명하고자 한 연구들이 수행되었으나, 혼재된 연구 결과들로 인하여 통합이 어려운 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 인지양식이라는 참가자 변인과 연구마다 제시한 과제의 특성 차이를 중심으로 하여 관련 연구들을 검토하였다. 많은 연구들은 과제에서 주어진 자극 양상에 따라 신경효율성이 발생하는 뇌 영역이 달라지는 것을 보고하였다. 또한 과제 난이도에 따라 참가자들이 자극 처리에 직접적으로 관여하는 영역과 그렇지 않은 영역에서의 신경 자원을 활용하는 패턴이 달라지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, 본 연구에서는 지능, 성별, 연령 등의 변인으로 설명하였던 신경효율성 발생 패턴에서의 개인차를 선호인지양식으로도 설명할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다. 결론적으로, 본 논문은 신경효율성의 발생 패턴을 살펴보고자 하는 연구들이 일관된 결과를 도출하기 위해 과제의 자극 양상과 난이도를 고려하는 것의 중요함을 제시하고, 지능, 성별, 연령 등의 다른 참가자 변인들로 설명하였던 신경효율성 발생 패턴의 개인차를 선호인지양식의 관점으로 재해석 할 수 있음을 시사한다.
- keywords
- 신경효율성, 인지양식, 과제 자극 양상, 과제 난이도, neural efficiency, cognitive style, stimulus modality, task difficulty
Abstract
Neural efficiency is a characteristic of the brain tending to process given information with a minimum amount of the neural resources. It has been difficult to integrate the results from the various studies related to neural efficiency since observed patterns of the neural efficiency were different between the studies. These previous studies tried to explain these different patterns based on the variables such as intelligence, gender, age, cognitive style, and so on. The present study reviews the related studies, focusing on the cognitive style and the task-related features. Some of the studies reported that brain regions, showing the neural efficiency, varied depending on the stimulus modalities included in the tasks. Furthermore, the brain regions which were directly engaged in the task-related processes and the other regions showed different activation patterns depending on the task difficulty. We propose the possibility that the individual differences in the patterns of neural efficiency could be explained not only by intelligence, sex, or age, but also by individuals’ preferences on the cognitive styles. In conclusion, this review suggests that it is important to consider the stimulus modalities and task difficulty in order to draw consistent results in a relevant studies, and that the individual differences in the neural efficiency could be explained in terms of cognitive style.
- keywords
- 신경효율성, 인지양식, 과제 자극 양상, 과제 난이도, neural efficiency, cognitive style, stimulus modality, task difficulty
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