The Difference Caused by Reward Context: In Similarity Dependent Decision Making

본 연구에서는 자극과 보상의 연합 학습이 유사한 자극의 기댓값 예측에 전이되는 양상을 보상 맥락을 나누어 알아보고자 하였다. 지각 분야의 선행연구에서는 이익과 손실의 맥락에 따라 지각적으로 유사한 자극들의 구분 정도가 다르다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 본 연구에서는 이를 기댓값 예측 과제에 적용하여, 지각적으로 구분이 가능한 자극들의 이익과 손실의 기댓값 전이에서 어떤 차이가 나타나는지 알아보고자 하였다. 실험은 학습 단계와 판단 단계를 나누어 진행되었다. 학습단계에서는 특정 자극을 이익이나 손실에 연합하여 학습하였다. 판단 단계에서는 앞서 학습된 자극, 그와 방위적으로 유사한 자극들을 제시하고 제시된 자극에 대해 도박의향을 결정하도록 했다. 그 결과, 학습한 바에 따라 유사한 자극들에 대해 보상의 기댓값을 전이시키는 양상이 나타났고, 유사성의 정도에 따라 기댓값에 차이가 나타났다. 그러나 이익과 손실 맥락에서 일반화 양상의 차이는 발견되지 않았다. 실험 2에서는 이익의 양을 손실보다 크게 하여(이익 편향) 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 1에서와 전이가 되는 양상이 다른 것을 알 수 있었다. 차이가 발견된 것은 이익 맥락으로, 실험 2에서는 유사성에 따른 점수 차이가 크지 않았다. 이러한 결과들은 손실이 같은 양의 이익보다 크게 매겨진다는 손실 회피 가설과 대립되며, 작은 손실에서는 회피 성향이 나타나지 않는다는 주의적 모델의 설명을 따를 수 있다.

keywords: 의사 결정, 손실 회피 성향, 손실 주의, 일반화, decision making, loss aversion, loss attentional model, generalization

Abstract

This study is about generalization of expected value on similar stimulus. From precedent study about perception, it is known that generalization curve of loss context is wider than gain context. In this study, we were interested in the effect of reward context on transfer of expected value in similar stimulus which is easy to be discriminated to original. The experiment was divided to learning phase and decision phase. In learning phase, participants learned association between orientation and rewards, and in decision phase, they valued willingness to bet on stimulus those are similar to learned stimulus. As a results, there was a transfer of expected value on similar stimulus. Also, the strength of willingness to bet was depend on the degree of similarity. There was no significant difference between gain and loss context. However, when modifying condition to be biased to gain, the difference of strength of willing to gamble did not shown. It seems that minor loss cannot cause loss aversion behavior in gain context. Also, even if the gain is much bigger than loss, there is no significant much stronger tendency of gain seeking.

keywords: 의사 결정, 손실 회피 성향, 손실 주의, 일반화, decision making, loss aversion, loss attentional model, generalization

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논문 상세

Vol.30 No.2

보상 맥락에 따른 의사 결정 양상의 차이: 유사성에 따른 의사 결정에서

The Difference Caused by Reward Context: In Similarity Dependent Decision Making

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물