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ISSN : 1226-9654

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Vol.30 No.3

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The false positive rate of P300-based concealed information test

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2018, v.30 no.3, pp.241-259
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2018.30.3.003



& (2018). The false positive rate of P300-based concealed information test. The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, 30(3), 241-259, https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2018.30.3.003

Abstract

P300 concealed information test (P300 CIT) assumes that all stimuli except the target stimuli show the same P300 amplitudes in innocent participants. However, according to the P300 theory, the assumption of the equality of stimuli can be easily violated, thus false positive rate of P300 CIT can be increased. A series of studies were conducted to confirm this possibility. In study 1, we identified how much the assumption of the equality of stimuli was violated in single-probe protocol. This assumption was invalidated in about 30% of the participants in the study using a mock crime, but it was almost met in the study using autobiographical information. In study 2, we conducted an experimental study to evaluate the assumption of equality of stimuli in multiple-probe protocol. It turned out that the assumption was not met in about 25% of participants. In study 3, a Monte Carlo study was conducted to estimate the false positive rates by the level of non-equality of stimuli (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5), the number of probes (1, 3, and 6), the number of trials (30, 48, and 66), and the significance levels (.10 and .05). When the level of non-equality of stimuli was set to 0, the false positive rates were properly controlled regardless of the number of probes, the number of trials, and the significance levels. However, the false positive rates was increased in all conditions when the level of non-equality of stimuli was 1 or higher. The false-positive rates got higher when the level of non-equality of stimuli got higher, the number of probes got smaller, and the number of trials got higher. When the level of non-equality of stimuli was 2, the false positive rates ranged from 12% to 25% at the significance level .10. While the level of non-equality of stimuli was 5, it fell within the ranged of 18% to 38%. In the discussion, we proposed methods to control false positive rates in the presence of non-equality of stimuli.

keywords
P300, concealed information test, guilty knowledge test, lie detection, false positive rate, P300, 숨긴정보검사, 유죄지식검사, 거짓말 탐지, 오류 긍정률

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