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ISSN : 1226-9654
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Vol.33 No.4
Abstract
It has long been debated how the limited visual working memory resources are allocated among the items in the storage. The core of this debate can be summarized as to whether the resources are allocated with fixed resolution in the discrete slots or can be flexibly allocated. Here we test whether representation of the visual working memory can be affected by prior information on the number of items to remember. Our results show that in the conditions where prior information is given, the precision of the representation is reduced when observers remember 6 items compared to 3 items. This finding suggests that observers can use the prior information and flexibly allocate the visual working memory resources, possibly setting a task strategy to remember more items by sacrificing the resolution of each item. Thus, our results support the claim that the visual working memory resources are continuous and flexibly allocated.
Abstract
Facial attractiveness was optimized when the face’s eye-mouth distance was 36% of its length and the interocular distance was 46% of the width (Pallett et al., 2010). This study called these ratios as new golden ratios for facial beauty. The current study investigated whether the golden ratio could be changed after adapting to a distorted ratio. We found that perceived attractiveness shifted toward the distorted length ratio after adapting to it. The results suggest that perceptual adaptation leads to the recalibration of perceived attractiveness. Thus, the facial length ratio is not an absolute criterion for facial beauty. It can vary depending on personal experiences and social circumstances.
Abstract
This study investigated the semantic relatedness effect of Korean words in the word-word interference task. In the task, the participant was asked to recognize the target word while ignoring the distractor word, in a scene in which words are adjacent and presented simultaneously. Through this procedure, it is possible to examine the impact of adjacent words on the reading of target words. In Experiment 1, the distractor was either related or unrelated to the target word. We found the facilitative relatedness effect that the naming of the target word was faster and more accurate in the related condition than in the control condition. In Experiment 2, we compared the relatedness effect between when the distractor was related to the target word only associatively (associative condition) and when it was related to the target word both associatively and semantically (associative and semantic condition). We found the facilitative effect only in the associative and semantic condition, but not in the associative condition. These results suggest that both semantics and association must be activated together for the facilitative relatedness effect, and that association alone may be insufficient to show the effect.
Abstract
The role of information uncertainty has wide implications ranging from emotional modulation to optimal decision making. Yet the concept has been employed as an ad-hoc explanation for various phenomena. One useful approach to the problem is to use a formal computational model to test different parameters extracted from animal and human studies on stimulus uncertainty. We developed an integrated simulation environment written in Matlab (Korea University Conditioning Simulator: KUCS) which provides graphical user interface for several influential models of associative learning such as Rescorla-Wagner model, Mackintosh model, Pearce and Hall model, Schmajuk-Pearce-Hall model, Esber-Hasselgrove model, and Temporal Difference model. Using KUCS, We first demonstrated common predictions on basic conditioning phenomena: acquisition, extinction, blocking, conditioned inhibition, latent inhibition, and second-order conditioning to confirm the validity of the simulator and to find some novel limitations and predictions. We then generated a series of data under uncertainty and compared them with animal and human experiments to examine how the models’ predictions on the associative strength and associability concur with the experimental data. The simulator program is available in https://github.com/knowblesse/KUCS.