바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

Internet based Communication and Relationship

Korean Psychological Journal of Culture and Social Issues / Korean Psychological Journal of Culture and Social Issues, (P)1229-0661; (E)1229-0661
2013, v.19 no.2, pp.259-283
(Colorado State University)

Abstract

It seems that Internet based communication has been settled down in everyday life. Internet based communication studies also have been done and they proposed that internet based communication modal differs from other communications modal. One of the major themes about internet based communication was the effect of internet based communication on relationships. Early studies suggested that internet has negative effect on life and relationships, although it has positive effect on economics and information distribution. Because there is relative anonymity, People and Researchers thought that people easily could be exposed to negative situations like pornography, instant relationship, negative reply and so on. However, Recently there have been on going un-solving arguments about effect of internet based communication. From the negative perspective, Internet based communication is negative to relationship, because internet based communication could displace face to fact communication and old off-line relationships. However, from the positive perspective, researchers focused on the motivation and purpose of internet users. In this paradigm, people could expand their life and relationships using internet because internet could remove the various restrictions for relationship. Moreover they also suggested that people could enlarge their relationships because they could easily disclose theirselves in anonymity. However, No conclusion has been drawn yet and there needs some organization of two standpoints. Accordingly, This study is integrating the two perspectives and proposing future direction of internet based communication and relationship.

keywords
Internet, Internet based communication, SNS, Relationship, Effect of Internet, 인터넷, 인터넷 기반 커뮤니케이션, SNS, 인간관계

Reference

1.

경향신문 (2011, 8, 24). 미국 대학생들 “SNS는 가짜친구”. http://news.khan.co.kr/kh_news/ khan_art_view.html?artid=201108242132015&code=940100

2.

김교헌 (2006). 도박행동의 자기조절모형: 상식모형의 확장. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 11(2), 243-274.

3.

동아일보 (2012, 12, 23). “카톡 없인 못살아”, 하루 평균, 43분 사용. http://news.donga.com/ Economy/mobile/3/0122/20121223/51785664/1

4.

박정현, 김나경 (2011). 2011 소비자 라이프스타일. LG경제연구원.

5.

이동훈, 이민석, 박성민, 이준환 (2010). 확산되는 소셜 미디어와 기업의 신소통 전략. 삼정경제연구소.

6.

장 훈, 김우정, 이애리, 허태균 (2012). 관찰을 통한 몰입이 가능한가?: TV 스포츠 경기 시청 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 26(4), 31-49.

7.

장 훈, 김정운 (2000). 성담론의 유형과 지배담론의 구조: 문화심리학적 분석. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 19(2), 151-172.

8.

한국통계청 (2011). 인구가구구조와 주거특성변화.

9.

한국인터넷진흥원 (2009). 인터넷 이용자의 SNS이용실태조사.

10.

한국인터넷진흥원 (2012). 2012년 인터넷이용실태조사.

11.

함유근, 박성민 (2011). SNS에 대한 4가지 오해. 삼성경제연구소.

12.

Amichai-Hamburger, Y., & Ben-Artzi, E. (2003). Loneliness and internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 19, 71-80.

13.

Argyle M, Henderson M. (1985). The Anatomy of Relationships and the Rules and Skills Needed to Manage them Successfully. William Heinemann: London.

14.

Aula, P. (2010). Social media, reputation risk and ambient publicity management. Strategy & Leadership. 38(6), 43-49.

15.

Bargh, J. A. (2002). Beyond simple truths: The Human-internet interaction. Journal of Social Issues, 58(1), 1-8.

16.

Bargh, J. A., & McKenna, K. Y. A. (2004). The Internet and social life. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 573-590.

17.

Barkley, J. E., Salvy, S. J., & Roemmich, J. N. (2012). The effect of simulated ostracism on physical activity behavior in children. Pediatrics, 129, 659-666.

18.

Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The Need to Belong: Desire for Interpersonal Attachments as a Fundamental Human Motivation, Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529.

19.

Boase, J., & Wellman, B. (2006). Personal relationships: On and off the Internet. In A. Vangelisti & D. Perlman (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of personal relationships (pp.709-726). New York: Cambridge University Press.

20.

Campbell, A. J., Cumming, S. R., & Hughes, I. (2006). Internet use by the socially fearful: Addiction or therapy?, CyberPsychology & Behaviors, 9(1), 69-81.

21.

Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 340-357.

22.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Beyond boredom and anxiety. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

23.

Cummings, J. B., & Kraut, R. (2002). The quality of online social relationship. Communications of the ACM, 45, 103-108.

24.

Davis, R. A. (2001). A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological internet use. Computer in Human Behavior, 17, 187-195.

25.

Davison, K. P., Pennebaker, J. W., & Dickerson, S. S. (2000). Who talks? The social psychology of illness support groups. America Psychologist, 55, 205-217.

26.

DeWall, C. N., & Bushman, B. J. (2011). Social acceptance and rejection: The sweet and the bitter. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20, 256-260.

27.

DeWall, C. N., Maner, J. K., & Rouby, D. A. (2009). Social exclusion and early-stage interpersonal perception: Selective attention to signs of acceptance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96: 729-741.

28.

Elliot, W., & Quattlebaum, C. (1979). Similarities in patterns of media use: A cluster analysis of media gratifications. Western Journal of Speech Communication, 43, 61-72.

29.

Fischer C. (1992). America Calling: A Social History of the Telephone to 1940. Berkeley: University. California. Press.

30.

Flanagin, A. J. (2005). IM online: instant messaging use among college students. Communication Research Reports, 22(3), 175-187.

31.

Flaherty, L. M., Pearce, K. J., & Rubin, R. B. (1998). Internet and face-to face communication: Not functional alternatives. Communication Quarterly, 46, 250-268.

32.

Fowler, J. H. & Christakis, N. A. (2008). Dynamic spread of happiness in a large social network: longitudinal analysis over 20 years in the Framingham Heart Study. British Medical Journal, 337. Article #2338.

33.

Franzen, A. (2000). Does the internet make us lonely? European Sociological Review, 16(4), 427 -438.

34.

Gangadharbatla, H. (2008). Facebook me: collective self-esteem, need to belong, and internet self-efficacy as predictors of the I-generations attitudes toward social networking sites. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 8(2), 5-15.

35.

Gardner, W., Pickett, C. L., & Brewer, M. B. (2000). Social exclusion and selective memory: How the need to belong influences memory for social events. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 486-496.

36.

Gibbs, J. L., Ellison, N. B., & Heino, R. D. (2006). Self-presentation in online personals. Communication Research, 33(2), 152-177.

37.

Gonsalkorale, K., & Williams, K. D. (2007). The KKK won’t let me play: Ostracism even by a despised outgroup hurts. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 1176-1186.

38.

Granovetter, M. (1974). Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

39.

Grohol, J. (1999). Internet addiction guide. available at: http://psychcentral.com/netaddiction/

40.

Gross, E. F., Juvonen, J., & Gable, S. E. (2002). Online communication and well-being in early adolescence: The social function of instant messages. Journal of Social Issues, 58, 75-90.

41.

Heitner, E. L. (2003). The relationship between use of the Internet and social development in adolescence. Dissertation Abstracts International 63 4371.

42.

Howard, P. E. N., Rainie L., & Jones S. (2001). Days and nights on the Internet. American Behavioral Scientist, 45, 383-404.

43.

Huang, C. (2010). Internet use and psychological well-being: A meta analysis. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, And Social Networking. 13(3), 241 -249.

44.

Hughes, R. J., & Hans, J. D. (2001). Computers, the internet, and families: A review of the role new technology plays in family life. Journal of Family Issues, 22, 778-92

45.

Ishii, K. (2006). Implication of mobility: The uses of personal communication media in everyday life. Journal of Communication, 56, 346-365.

46.

Katz, J. E., & Aspden, P. (1997). “Motivations for and Barriers to Internet Usage: Results of a National Public Opinion Survey,” Paper presented at the 24th Annual Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, Solomons, Maryland, October 6, 1996.

47.

Katz, J. E., & Rice, R. E. (2002). Social consequences of Internet use: Access, involvement, and interaction. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

48.

Kavanaugh, A. L, & Patterson, C. J. (2001). The impact of community computer networks on social capital and community involvement. American Behavioral Scientist. 45, 496-509.

49.

Kim, J. H., LaRose, R., & Peng, W. (2009). Loneliness as the cause and the effect of problematic internet use: The relationship between internet use and psychological well- being. CyberPsychology & Beahavior, 12, 451- 455.

50.

Koku, E., Nazer, N., & Wellman, B. (2001). Netting scholars: Online and offline. American Behavioral Scientist, 44(10), 1752-1774.

51.

Kraut, R., Kiesler, S., Boneva, B., Cummings, J., Helgeson, V., & Crawford, A. (2002). Internet paradox revisited. Journal of Social Issues, 58, 49-74.

52.

Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukopadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53, 1017 -1031.

53.

Lakin, J., Chartrand, T. L. & Arkin, R. (2008) I am too just like you: Nonconscious mimicry as an automatic behavioral response to social exclusion. Psychological Science, 19, 816-22.

54.

Leary, M. R., Tambor, E. S., Terdal, S. K., & Downs, D. L. (1995). Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 518-530.

55.

Lenhart, A., & Madden, M. (2007). Social Networking Websites and Teens: An Overview. Pew Internet & American Life Project, at http:// www.pewinternet.org/PPF/r/198/report_display. asp

56.

Linville, P. W. (1987). Cognitive buffer against stress-related illness and depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(4), 663-676.

57.

McKenna, K. Y. A., & Bargh, J. A. (1998). Coming out in the age of the Internet: identity ‘demarginalization’ through virtual group participation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 681-94.

58.

McKenna, K. Y. A.., & Bargh, J. A. (2000). Plan 9 From Cyberspace: The Implications of the Internet for Personality and Social Psychology, Personality and Social Psychology Review. 4(1), 57-75.

59.

McKenna, K. Y. A., Green, A. S., & Gleason, M. E. J. (2002). Relationship formation on the Internet: What’ the big attraction? Journal of Social Issues, 9, 31-38.

60.

Mead, N. L., Baumeister, R. F., Stillman, T. F., Rawn, C. D., & Vohs, K. D. (2011). Social Exclusion Causes People to Spend and Consume Strategically in the Service of Affiliation, Journal of Consumer Research, 37, 902 -19.

61.

Mesch, G. S. (2003). The family and the Internet: The Israeli case. Social Science Quarterly, 84, 1039-1050.

62.

Mazalin, D., & Moore, S. (2004). Internet use, identity development and social anxiety among young adults. Behavior Change, 21, 90-102.

63.

Ni,e N. H. (2001). Sociability, interpersonal relations, and the Internet: reconciling conflicting findings. American Behavioral Scientist, 45, 420-35.

64.

Nie, N. H., & Erbring, L. (2000). Internet and society: a preliminary report. Available at www. stanford.edu/group/siqss/Press Release/Preliminary Report.pdf.

65.

Nie, N. H., & Hillygus, D. S. (2002). Where does Internet time come from? A reconnaissance. IT & Society, 1, 1-20.

66.

Pew Internet & American Life Project. (2000). Tracking online life: How women use the Internet to cultivate relationships with family and friends. available at http://www. pewinternet.org/reports/

67.

Perlow, L. (2012). Sleeping with your Smartphone: How to Break the 24/7Habit and Change the way you work. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press.

68.

Putnam, R. D. (1995). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. Jounal of Democracy, 6, 65-78.

69.

Rheingold, H. (1993). The virtual community: Homesteading on the electronic frontier. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

70.

Rierdan, J. (1999). Internet-depression link? American Psychologist, 54(9), 781-782.

71.

Ridings, C. M., Gefen, D. G. (2004). Virtual community attraction: Why people hang out online. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication 10. available at http:==jcmc. indiana.edu=vol10= issue1=ridings_gefen.html

72.

Robinson, J. P., Kestnbaum, M., Neustadl, A., & Alvarez, A. (2002). The Internet and other uses of time’, in Barry Wellman & Caroline Haythornthwaite (eds), The Internet in Everyday Life. Oxford: Blackwell. pp.244-262.

73.

Rohlfing, M. E. (1995). Doesn’t anybody stay in one place anymore? An exploration of the understudied phenomenon of long-distance relationships. In Understudied Relationships: Off the Beaten Track, ed. JT Wood, S Duck, pp.173-96. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

74.

Schachter, S. (1959). The psychology of affiliation. Minneapolis: University. Minnesota Press.

75.

Seepersad, S. (2004). Coping with loneliness: Adolescent online and offline behavior. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7(1), 35-39.

76.

Shapiro, J. S. (1999). Loneliness: Paradox or artifact? American Psychologist, 54, 782-783.

77.

Shklovski, I., Kraut, R., & Rainie, L. (2004). The Internet and social participation: Contrasting cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10(1). at http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol10/issue1/ shklovski_kraut.html

78.

Silverman, T. (1999). The Internet and relational theory. American Psychologist, 54, 780-781.s

79.

Sommer, K. L., Williams, K. D., Ciarocco, N. J., & Baumeister, R. F. (2001). When silence speaks louder than words: explorations into the intrapsychic and interpersonal consequences of social ostracism. Basic & Applied Social Psychology, 23, 225-243.

80.

Spears, R., Postmes, T., Lea, M., & Wolbert, A. (2002). When are net effects gross products? The power of influence and the influence of power in computer-mediated communication. Journal of Social Issues, 58(1), 91-107.

81.

Sproull, L., Faraj, S. (1995). Atheism, sex and databases: the net as a social technology. In: Keller, B. K. J. (Ed.), Public Access to the Internet. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 62-81.

82.

Stevens, S. B., & Morris, T. L. (2007). College dating and social anxiety: Using the Internet as a means of connecting to others. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10, 680-688.

83.

Stafford, L., & Reske, J. R. (1990). Idealization and communication in long-distance premarital relationships. Family Relationships. 39, 274-79.

84.

Steinfield, C., Ellison, N. B., & Lampe, C. (2008). Social Capital, self esteem, and use of online social network sites: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29, 434-445.

85.

Turkle, S. (1996). Virtuality and its discontents: Searching for community in cyberspace. The American Prospect, 24, 50-57.

86.

Turow, J. (1999, May 4). The Internet and the family: The view from the parents, the view from the press (Report No. 27). Philadelphia, PA: Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania. Available at: http://www.appcpenn.org/internet/

87.

Twenge, J. M., Catanese, K. R., & Baumeister, R. F. (2003). Social exclusion and the deconstructed state: time perception, meaninglessness, lethargy, lack of emotion, and self-awareness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 409-423.

88.

Tyler, T. R. (2002). Is the Internet changing social life? It seems the more things chance, the more they stay the same. Journal of Social Issues, 58, 195-205.

89.

Valkenburg, P. M., Peter, J., & Schouten, A. P. (2006). Friend networking sites and their relationship to adolescents' well being and social self-esteem. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 9, 584-590.

90.

Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2007). Internet communication and relation to well-being: Identifying some underlying mechanisms. Media Psychology, 9, 43-58.

91.

van Beest, I., & Williams, K. D. (2006). When inclusion costs and ostracism pays, ostracism still hurts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 918-928.

92.

Wang, W., & Wellman, B. (2010). Social connectivity in America: Changes in adult friendship network size from 2002 to 2007. American Behavioral Scientist, 53(8), 1148-1169.

93.

Wellman, B., Haase, A. Q., Witte, J., & Hampton, K. (2001). Does the Internet increase, decrease, or supplement social capital? Social networks, participation, and community commitment. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(3), 436-55.

94.

Wellman, B., & Wortley, S. (1990). Different strokes for different folks: Community ties and social support. American Journal of Sociology, 96, 558-588.

95.

Williams, K. D., Cheung, C. K. T., & Choi, W. (2000). Cyberostracism: effects of being ignored over the Internet. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 748-762.

96.

Wilson, T. D., Wheatley, T. P., Meyers, J. M., Gilbert, D. T., & Axsom, D. (2000). Focalism: A Source of durability bias in affective forecasting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 821-836.

97.

Young, K. (1998). Caughtin the net: How to recognize the signs of Internet addiction and a winning strategy for recovery. New York: Wiley.

98.

Zadro, L., Williams, K. D., & Richardson, R. (2004). How low can you go? Ostracism by a computer is sufficient to lower self-reported levels of belonging, control, self-esteem, and meaningful existence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 560-567.

99.

Zhao, S. (2006). Do internet users have more social ties? a call for differentiated analyses of internet use. Journal of Computer-mediated Communication, 11, 844-863.

Korean Psychological Journal of Culture and Social Issues