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Vol.23 No.1

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Relationships among Self-Esteem, Depression, and Interpersonal Problems in Adult ADHD Sub-Clusters: Path Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling

The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology / The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, (P)1226-9654; (E)2733-466X
2011, v.23 no.1, pp.153-169
https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2011.23.1.006



& (2011). Relationships among Self-Esteem, Depression, and Interpersonal Problems in Adult ADHD Sub-Clusters: Path Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, 23(1), 153-169, https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2011.23.1.006

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine the relationship among variables including child/adult ADHD symptom sub-scales, depression, self-esteem, and interpersonal problems, in adults with ADHD tendency. In research 1, 813 university students were subjected to several tests including childhood-recall ADHD symptom scale, Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS-K), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problem (KIIP). Using the data collected, we conducted hierarchical multiple-regression analyses to examine relative contributions among variables, and also conducted path analyses and structural equation modeling in order to construct and test the fitness of the theoretical model regarding the relationship among variables. As a resul of path analysis, it was shown that the inattention scale indirectly explained depression via the mediating effect of the self-esteem. In addition, the results of a structural equation modeling analysis have shown that the hyperactivity scale directly explained the externaled problems of KIIP without such mediating effects, while the adult inattention scale indrectly explaned internaled problems of KIIP via the mediating effects of depression and self-esteem. In research 2, in order to examine the pattern of relations among variables with respect to ADHD sub-cluster, we conducted a K-means cluster analysis using sub-scales of KIIP, resulting in two sub-groups (internalization/externalization). The results of structural equation modeling analyses for each group have shown that in the internalization sub-group, ADHD symptoms explained internalized problems of KIIP via the mediating effects of the self-esteem and depression, whereas in the externalization sub-group, ADHD symptom directly explained externalized problems of KIIP. Taken together, it was suggested differential treatments should be applied according to the characteristics of a ADHD sub-type. Finally, limitations of the present study and directions for further research were discussed.

keywords
Adult ADHD, inattention, hyperactivity, depression, self-esteem, internalization, externalization, interpersonal problem, 성인 ADHD, 부주의, 과잉행동, 우울증상, 자존감, 내재화, 외현화, 대인관계문제

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